L13, Sphenoid, Manidble, Dentition

What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle (what depresses and protrudes the mandible)?

lateral pterygoid plate (of the sphenoid)

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle (what elevates and protrudes the mandible)?

pterygoid fossa (of the sphenoid)

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis is what kind of joint?

amphiarthroses

What transmits the optic nerve (what passes visual information to the brain)?

the optic canal (of the sphenoid)

What transmits mandibular nerves and middle meningeal vessels?

the foramen spinosum (of the sphenoid)

What transmits the maxillary nerves (innervates teh face)?

foramen rotundum

What transmits mandibular nerves (innervates muscles of mastication)?

foramen ovale

What holds the pituitary gland (produces growth hormones)?

hypophyseal fossa

What articulations does the mandible have?

2 articulations with either temporal bone(s)

What is the ossification of the mandible?

intramembranous AND endochondral

What type of joint joins the two hemimandibles together?

mandibular sympysis (not considered a “true” symphysis since is typically fuses by 1 year old.

What articulates with the glenoid fossa of the temporal to form the temporomandibular joint?

mandibular condyle

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

a special diarthrosis,; combination of a hinge and plane synovial joint. The hinge aspect of the TMJ allows for depression and elevation. The plane aspect of the TMJ allows of protraction and retraction.

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle (elevates the mandible)?

coronoid process

What is the insertion of lateral pterygoid muscle (depresses and protrubes mandible)?

condylar neck

What type of joint is the alveolus?

It is a gomphosis, which are synarthroses (a type of immovable fibrous joint).

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle (elevates and protrubes mandible)?

masseteric tuberosity

What transmits the mental nerve (innervates chin, lower lip, and gums)?

mental foramen

What transmits the inferior alverolar nerve (innervates lower teeth)?

mandibular foramen

What is the insertion of the medial ptergoid muscle?

pterygoid tuberosity

What holds the submandibular gland (salivary gland)?

submandibular fossa

What holds the sublingual gland (salivary gland)?

sublingual fossa

What is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle (elevates tongue, hyoid)?

mylohyoid line

What anchors the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles (tongue)?

mental spines

What is the attachment of digastric muscle (depress mandible)?

digastric fossa

What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis muscle? What does it do?

Origin: temporal line (frontal, parietal)

Insertion: coronoid process (mandible)

Function: elevates mandible

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter muscle? What does it do?

Origin: masseteric origin (zygomatic)

Insertion: masseteric tuberosity (mandible)

Function: elevates mandible

What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle? What does it do?

Origin: pterygoid fossa (sphenoid)

Insertion: pterygoid tuberosity (mandible)

Function: elevates mandible

What is the origin and insertion of the medial lateral muscle? What does it do?

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)

Insertion: condylar neck (mandible)

Function: depresses mandible

What is the origin and insertion of the buccinator muscle? What does it do?

Origin: alveolar process (maxilla)

Insertion: alveolar process (maxilla)

Function: compresses cheek

What are teeth composed of?

enamel (avascular and no nerve supply, hardest substance in the human body)

dentine (innervated and vascularized)

What is the formal word?

gingiva

What is the bone-like tissue covering external surface of root of tooth?

cementum

What cells do teeth growth and develop from?

ectodermic and mesodermic cells

When do deciduous teeth start forming?

6-8 weeks into fetal development

When do permanent teeth start forming?

20th week

What are tooth buds?

aggregation of cells that eventually form a tooth

What cells produce enamel?

ameloblasts

What cells produce dentine?

odontoblasts

What protein regulates all stages of dental growth and development?

SHH (sonic hedgehog)

What is the correct order of dental development stages?

bud → cap → bell → crown → eruption

Teeth begin forming from the _____ down to ____.

tip of cusps // root

What are the two types of primitive mammalian patterntwo successive sets of teeth?

Deciduous and Permanent

What are Deciduous teeth?

the first to form and erupt, function in the 1st years of life, roots dissolve and teeth will fall out.

What are permanent teeth?

second to form and erupt, replace deciduous dentition, functions for the rest of life.

What are the 4 classes of teeth?

incisors (I), canines (C), premolars (P), molars (M)

What is the human denition formula (maxillary I.C.P.M / mandibular I.C.P.M)?

2.1.2.3 / 2.1.2.3