Period 3: Age of Revolutions to World War I (All Dates Reviewer)

1717

Abraham Darby smelts iron using partially burnt coal

1733

John Kay’s flying shuttle

1764

James Hargreaves’s spinning jenny

1769

Richard Arkwright patents the water frame

1774

James Watt patents the first steam engine

1776

Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

1779

First iron bridge completed in Shropshire, England

1785

Power loom invented by Edmund Cartwright

1789

Jeremy Bentham’s Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

1790

Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France

1793

Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

1798

Thomas Malthus’s Essay on Population

1807

British Parliament votes for the end of the slave trade

1807

First passenger train line

March 15, 1815

Napoleon escapes from Elba

May 15, 1815

Battle of Waterloo marks end of the Hundred Days

1815

Napoleon sent into exile on St. Helena

1817

David Ricardo’s Principles of Political Economy

1819

Peterloo Massacre in Great Britain

1819

Combination Acts ban union activity

1820

Troppau Protocol (agreement among Eastern Great Powers to oppose revolutionary states)

1820

Rebellion in Spain put down with French support in 1824

1821

Beginning of Greek revolt

1821

Death of Napoleon

1823

Revolt in Naples

1824

Charles X becomes King of France

1825

Decembrist revolt in Russia

1829

George Stephenson invents the early locomotive, the Rocket

1830

Charles X issues July Ordinances

1830

July Revolution topples the last French Bourbon monarch

1830s

Cholera outbreak in Europe

1831

Charles Darwin begins five-year voyage that will take him to the Galápagos Islands

1832

Sadler Committee looks into child labor in Great Britain

1832

Great Reform Bill

1833

Slavery banned within the British empire

1833

Factory Act

1833

English Poor Law

1834

Robert Owen establishes the Grand National Consolidated Union

1835

David Friedrich Strauss’s The Life of Jesus Critically Examined

1835

Daguerreotype (early form of photograph) invented

1837

Beginning of the reign of Queen Victoria

1838

Beginning of the Chartist movement

1839

First in a series of Opium Wars between Great Britain and China

1840

Napoleon’s body brought back to France for reburial

1840

Joseph Proudhon writes the anarchist tract What Is Property?

1842

British gain control over Hong Kong

1846

Repeal of the Corn Laws

1846

Irish potato famine

1847

Liberia established as independent African republic

February 1848

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

February 1848

Overthrow of Louis Philippe

March 1848

Unrest in various German states

March 1848

Nationalist revolts break out throughout Austrian Empire

March 1848

Charles Albert of Savoy goes to war against Austria

May 1848

Meeting of the Frankfurt Parliament

1848

“June Days” uprising in Paris

December 1848

Louis Napoleon elected president of the Second Republic

1851

Louis Napoleon stages coup against the Second Republic Crystal Palace Exhibition

1852

Development of the safety elevator

1852

David Livingstone begins exploring the African interior

1852

Commodore Perry arrives in Japan

1852

Establishment of the Second Empire by Napoleon III

1854

Charles Dickens publishes Hard Times

1854

Start of the Crimean War

1856

Development of Bessemer process for manufacturing steel

1856

Synthetic dyes developed

1857

Flaubert publishes his masterpiece, Madame Bovary

1857

Indian Rebellion

1858

Jews allowed to enter the British Parliament

1859

Darwin’s On the Origins of Species

1859

France and Piedmont-Sardinia go to war against Austria

1859

Garibaldi invades the Kingdom of Two Sicilies

1861

Victor Emmanuel II becomes the first King of Italy

1861

Alexander II emancipates the serfs

1863

Opening of the Salon des Refusés (art rejected by the jury of the Official Paris Salon)

1864

Establishment of the First International in London

1864

Prussia and Austria go to war against Denmark

1866

Italians seize Venetia from Austria

1866

Austro-Prussian War

1867

Establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

1867

Alfred Nobel patents dynamite

1869

Suez Canal completed

1869

John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty

1870

Doctrine of Papal Infallibility

1870

Rome becomes capital of Italy

1870

Franco-Prussian War

1870

French Third Republic created

1871

Establishment of the German Empire

1871

End of the French Second Empire

1871

Paris Commune

1871

Darwin’s The Descent of Man

1874

Typewriters invented

1874

Claude Monet paints Impression: Sunrise

1875

Constitution establishes the French Third Republic

1876

Serbia becomes independent

1876

Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone

1877

Thomas Edison’s phonograph

1877

Queen Victoria becomes empress of India

1877

Russo-Turkish War

1878

Congress of Berlin