Understanding Experimental Analyses and Statistical Tests

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on experimental analyses, focusing on different types of experiments and statistics used in research design.

True Experiment

An experiment that relies on random assignment to groups, ensuring that each experimental condition is equal before the experiment begins.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to see if it causes any change in the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The outcome in an experiment that is measured to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

T Test

A statistical analysis that compares the averages and ranges of two groups to determine if they are significantly different from each other.

William Sealy Gossett

A chemist and statistician who developed the t test while working as the head brewer at the Guinness Brewery.

Random Sampling

The process of selecting samples in a way that gives every individual in a population an equal chance of being chosen, to avoid bias.

Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested, used for comparison.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A statistical method used to compare three or more groups to determine if there are significant differences among them.

Significant Difference

A statistical term that indicates a result is unlikely to have occurred by chance, suggesting a real effect.

Guinness Brewery

A brewery in Dublin, Ireland, known for its beer, where the t test was developed to maintain quality control in production.