Important Numbers for Animal Health and Welfare - Year 1

Fat content of cow milk

37 g/kg

Protein content of cow milk

35 g/kg

Dry matter % of summer grass

20%

Crude protein % of summer grass

19%

ME of summer grass

11 MJ

Crude fibre % of summer grass

20%

Dry matter % of hay

85 %

ME of hay

8.5 MJ

Crude protein % of hay

8-10%

Crude fibre % of hay

30%

Dry matter % of straw

85%

ME of straw

6.5 MJ

Crude protein % of straw

3.5-4 %

Crude fibre % of straw

35%

Dry matter % of haylage

55-60%

ME of haylage

9-10 MJ

Crude protein % of haylage

9%

Crude fibre % of haylage

35%

Dry matter % of grass silage

25%

ME of grass silage

11 MJ

Crude protein % of grass silage

14%

Crude fibre % of grass silage

30%

Dry matter % of maize silage

30-35%

ME % of maize silage

11 MJ

Crude protein % of maize silage

9%

Crude fibre % of maize silage

20%

Colostrum of a calf required by 2 hours old

10% of BW

Colostrum of a calf required by 6-12 hours old

20% of BW total

Milk required per calf per day

15% of BW

Minimum space requirement for calf

1.8 x 1.0m

Minimum space requirement for groups of calves (m¬2)

1/100 of total weight

Minimum feeding space required per calf

0.35m

Target DLWG for a calf

0.7-0.8 kg

Minimum amount of concentrate for a calf post-weaning

1kg

Age of weaning for a calf

2 m/o

Age of puberty for a cow

12 m/o

Age of first service for a cow

15 m/o

Age of 1st calving for a cow

24 m/o

Weight of weaning for a calf

70 kg

Weight of a cow at puberty (as a % of expected adult weight)

45-50%

Weight of a cow at 1st service (as a % of expected adult weight)

65%

Weight of a cow at 1st calving (as a % of expected adult weight)

85-90%

Controlled DLWG of a HF heifer from birth to weaning

0.8 kg/d

Controlled DLWG of a HF heifer from weaning to 4 m/o

0.9 kg/d

Controlled DLWG of a HF heifer from 4 m/o to breeding

0.7 kg/d

Controlled DLWG of a HF heifer at pregnancy

0.9 kg/d

Controlled DLWG of a HF heifer in the last 2 months of pregnancy

0.6 kg/d

Amount of straw needed in a straw yard per cow per 180 days

2-3 tonnes

Minimum lying space for cattle in a straw yard

7.5 m2

Minimum loafing space for cattle in a straw yard

3 m2

Minimum lying space for a cow in a cubicle

70-100 cm

Minimum length of an open-front cubicle for cattle

2.3 m

Minimum length of a cubicle against a wall for cattle

2.6 m

Minimum width of a cubicle for cattle

1.2 m

Length of a kerb of a cubicle for cattle

15-20 cm

Length of a cubicle from the kerb to the brisket board

1.6-1.8 m

Minimum cow comfort quotient

80%

Minimum number of cubicles required for a herd of cattle

1 per cow

Minimum number of cross-over points for a cubicle system

1 every 20 cubicles and at the ends

Minimum trough space per cow

10 cm per 1000 litres or 100kg BW

Minimum length of cubicle passage for cattle

3 m

Minimum length of cross-over point

2.4 m

Minimum length of feed passage

4.6 m

Daily water requirement per cow

100 L

Time when you should dry off a pregnant cow

2 months prior to pregnancy

Amount of time a cow lactates in days

305 d

Peak milk yield in a cow

7-10 weeks

Gestation period of a cow

285 d

Length of dry period

60 d

Average number of lactations in a cow

3-5 d

Price of a freshly calved heifer

£1,400

Price of a crossbred beef bull calf

£150

Length of oestrus in cattle

15 hours

Cycle length in a cow

18-24 d

Voluntary waiting period of a cow

50-65 d

Average weight of an adult cow

500-800 kg

Average weight of a bull

750-1250 kg

Extra fluid requirements of a lactating mare

75-100 ml/kg BW

Average DM intake of a horse

2-2.5% of BW/d

% of forage in diet required for a horse doing light exercise

90-100%

% of forage in diet required for a horse doing high intensity exercise

1% BWt

Energy requirement for a horse doing light work

M + 25%

Energy requirement for a horse doing moderate work

M + 50%

Energy requirement for a horse doing intensive work

M + 100%

Energy requirement for a horse at late gestation

M + 20%

Energy requirement for a horse during early lactation

M x 2

Energy requirement for a horse during late lactation

M + 25%

Energy requirement for a stallion in breeding season

M + 25%

DLWG of a 6 m/o foal

0.70 kg/d

DLWG of a 1 y/o foal

0.6 kg/d

DLWG of a 2 y/o foal

0.2 kg/d

CP requirement of a horse doing light work

8% of total ration

CP requirement of a horse doing moderate work

8% of total ration

CP requirement of a horse doing intensive work

9% of total ration

CP requirement of a horse during gestation

12% of total ration

CP requirement of a horse during lactation

13% of total ration

CP requirement of a weaned foal

15% of total ration

CP requirement of a 1 year old foal

13% of total ration

Length of a pig oestrus cycle

21 days

Length of a pig lactation period

24-28 days