RPH FIRST EXAM

How do archaeological and anthropological discoveries contribute to historical understanding?

They offer valuable insights but are only fragments of the whole picture.

What are the two main categories of historical criticism?

External criticism and internal critique

What are the two main varieties of historical sources?

Primary and secondary sources

What challenge does the incompleteness of historical records present?

It poses a significant challenge to our knowledge of history.

What do historians construct based on reliable components of available records?

Historical narratives

What do historians primarily rely on to reconstruct the past

Surviving records or evidence

What does archaeological evidence include?

Artifacts like pottery, jewelry, and graves

What does the term “history” derive from?

Greek word "historia"

what is a primary purpose of primary sources?

To provide firsthand accounts of events

What is a significant theme explored in the accounts of the first voyage?

the influence of Christianity and colonialism

what is historiography primarily concerned with?

documenting historical events

what is the goal of historians when documenting history?

to gain insights into the present by studying the past

what is the primary goal of external criticism?

to assess the authenticity of the material

what is the primary purpose of primary sources?

to present direct, factual information

what term refers to the surviving records of history?

history as record

what type of history focuses on answering “who”,” what”, “when”, and “where”?

factual history

What type of Source is a diary Considered?

Primary source

When did historical criticism gain Significant Prominence?

In the 19th and 20th centuries

which of the following is an example of a secondary source?

biographies

which technique is not used in external criticism?

source analysis

Who served as Ferdinand Magellan’s chronicler during the first voyage around the world?

Antonio Pigafetta

who viewed history as a systematic account of natural phenomena?

Aristotle

describe the main difference between primary sources and secondary sources according to the textbook.

Primary sources are original, firsthand accounts created during or shortly after an event, while secondary sources offer interpretations and analyses of those events created by individuals who lived later

how do historians approach the reconstruction of humanity’s past?

by analyzing surviving evidence and making inferences about historical context

how do historians navigate the limitations posed by biased or incomplete historical records?

by reconstructing narratives based on their interpretation of credible parts of the record

How do historians typically approach historical analysis?

By gathering and scrutinizing various sources for authenticity and relevance.

How do you explain the difference between external criticism and internal criticism in historical critique?

External criticism deals with the text's authenticity, including origin and authorship, while internal criticism evaluates the reliability and historical accuracy of the content.

How does the book discuss the contributions of other individuals like Maximilianus Transylvanus and Juan Sebastián Elcano to the historical understanding of the first voyage around the world?

They are discussed for providing diverse perspectives and additional insights into the events of the voyage.

How does the book discuss the evolution of historical criticism from the 17th century to the 19th and 20th centuries?

Historical criticism started with philosophical and theological interpretations during the Protestant Reformation and evolved into diverse methodologies in the 19th and 20th centuries.

How does the textbook discuss the role of paleography and diplomatics in the examination of historical documents?

They are discussed as techniques for analyzing handwriting styles and document forms to "establish authenticity.

How does the textbook explain the impact of Pigafetta's narrative on historical perspectives of the first voyage around the world?

It shows that Pigafetta's narrative influenced the European view of the voyage's achievements.

How does the textbook explain the importance of examining inks and materials in establishing the authenticity of a historical document?

It helps in determining if the materials are consistent with the document's purported time period.

Identify an example of a secondary source from the following source.

Biographies

What can be explained about the role of provenance in establishing a document's authenticity according to the textbook?

Provenance refers to the document's history of ownership and can create a presumption of authenticity if it is found in the expected location.

What can be explained about the role of translations by scholars like Lord Stanley of Alderley in the study of the first voyage around the world?

They provide valuable insights and interpretations to help understand and evaluate the historical context and content of the accounts.

What distinguishes history as a field of study from the natural sciences?

History deals with human testimonies alongside physical traces.

What does the textbook explain as a key aspect of internal criticism when assessing historical documents?

Evaluating the credibility of sources, the author's knowledge, and the accuracy of the facts presented in the document.

What distinguishes history from other forms of literature or art?

History is constrained by the actual occurrence of past events.

What do archaeological and anthropological discoveries contribute to historians' understanding of the past?

They offer valuable insights but represent only fragments of the whole historical picture.

What does the textbook primarily describe about the techniques historians use to determine the authenticity of historical documents?

Historians employ tests related to materials, handwriting, and context to differentiate between fraudulent and authentic documents.

What does the textbook primarily describe as the two main goals of historical critique?

To ascertain the text's original meaning within its historical context and reconstruct the historical context of the author and audience.

What is a primary challenge historians face due to the incompleteness of historical records?

They may never know about certain events or individuals that were not documented.

What is the primary purpose of historiography in the study of history?

To creatively reconstruct the past based on gathered information.

Which aspect of Pigafetta's account is identified as a point of critique in Stefan Zweig's analysis?

The Eurocentric focus that emphasizes Magellan's achievements over other contributors like Elcano.

Which technique is identified in the textbook as a method of external criticism?

Applying paleographical criticism to study the writing, script, and language of the

source.

Differentiate between the role of the catolonan and the mangagauay in the religious practices described.

The catolonan led ceremonies and rituals for worship and favor from the idol, while the mangagauay used deceptive magic to cause illness or death.

Differentiate between the roles and privileges of the maharlica and the aliping namamahay in the barangay system.

The maharlica were nobles who had to accompany the dato in war and did not pay taxes, while the aliping namamahay were commoners who paid a share of their crops and served the dato.

Differentiate between the silagan and the hocloban in terms of their methods and effects on individuals.

The silagan killed by tearing out livers, whereas the hocloban could kill or cause destruction without using physical objects.

How would you organize the types of supernatural entities mentioned in the textbook based on their roles and functions?

By their primary functions, such as causing harm, healing, or predicting the future.

Organize the different social classes of the barangay from the highest rank to the lowest rank based on their roles and privileges.

Dato – Maharlica - Aliping Namamahay - Aliping sa Guiguilir