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Energy Flow
The bottom of the pyramid has the most energy.
Energy Change in Pyramid
Energy decreases as we move up the pyramid.
Most Energy Trophic Level
Producers are the 1st level and have the most energy.
Mutualism
A relationship between organisms where BOTH organisms benefit.
Example of Mutualism
Flower and Bee - pollination.
Commensalism
A relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is unharmed.
Example of Commensalism
Cactus wren uses cholla cactus as home.
Parasitism
A relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is HARMED.
Example of Parasitism
A tick on a dog.
Remora Fish and Shark Relationship
Commensalism.
Egret Bird and Cow Relationship
Commensalism.
Deer Tick to Humans Relationship
Parasitism.
Plover Bird and Crocodile Relationship
Mutualism.
Prokaryote/Prokaryotic
Also known as BACTERIA.
Prokaryotes and Nucleus
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.
Prokaryotes and Membrane-bound Organelles
Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotes and DNA
Prokaryotes have DNA.
Complexity of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are NOT complex.
First Type of Cells on Earth
Scientists believe that prokaryotes are the FIRST type of cells on Earth.
Eukaryote/Eukaryotic
Can be described as ALL MULTICELLULAR LIVING ORGANISMS.
Eukaryotes and Nucleus
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
Eukaryotes and Membrane-bound Organelles
Eukaryotes have many membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotes and DNA
Eukaryotes have DNA in the nucleus.
Complexity of Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes are very complex.
Types of Cells
All plant cells, animal cells, fungi cells are eukaryotic.
Plant Cells
Plant cells have a cell wall.
Animal Cells
Animal cells do not have a cell wall.
Viruses and Nucleus
Viruses do not have a nucleus.
Viruses and Cell Wall
Viruses have no cell wall.
Viruses and Membrane-bound Organelles
Viruses do not have many membrane-bound organelles.
Viruses and RNA
Viruses contain RNA not DNA.
Living Status of Viruses
Viruses are not living.
Function of Cholesterol
Fluidity of cell membrane.
Function of Proteins
TRANSPORT
Function of Phospholipids
BARRIER- STRUCTURE OF MEMBRANE
What prevents the fatty-acid tails from sticking together?
Cholesterol
What do Carbohydrates provide?
Provides QUICK energy for use. (ready to use energy).
What do Proteins provide?
Provide structures (hair, skin, nails, muscles).
What do Lipids(fats) provide?
Insulation- Excess Energy STORAGE (fat) tissue.
What do Nucleic Acids provide?
Genetic materials aka DNA
Definition of Plant Tropisms
plants response to ENVIRONMENT (STIMULI)
What is Phototropism?
RESPONSE TO LIGHT
What is Geotropism (GRAVITROPISM)?
RESPONSE TO GRAVITY
What is HYDROTROPISM?
RESPONSE TO WATER
What is Thigmotropism?
RESPONSE TO TOUCH
Describe Embryology?
Many unique animals start out looking the same as embryos.
Describe Homologous structures?
Structures that look similar, but with different functions.
Describe Fossils?
Proof of how past organisms lived and common ancestries.
Describe the DNA evidence of evolution
Similar DNA codes across different organisms (ex. Chimpanzees and Humans.)
Bird wings and reptile forelegs are examples of which Evidence of Evolution?
HOMOLOGOUS
Natural Selection is a?
MECHANISM of Evolution.
Natural Selection explains that?
organisms with TRAITS THAT ARE BETTER FIT OR ADAPTED (adaptations) will live longer, reproduce, and pass on their traits to their OFFSPRING.
Variation is?
DIFFERENCES IN TRAITS
What causes variation in a population?
MUTATIONS and SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
How does variation help organisms survive?
By increasing likelihood of surviving varying conditions.
Heritability is when offspring?
INHERIT TRAITS FROM THEIR PARENTS
What do Mutations lead to?
ADAPTATIONS
What is a density dependent factor?
ORGANISMS IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT
Provide an example of a density dependent factor:
DISEASE, COMPETITION FOR FOOD
What is a density independent factor?
ENVIRONMENTAL (NATURAL) FACTORS THAT IMPACT A POPULATION
Provide an example of a density independent factor:
wildfire
Definition of speciation?
When two organisms no longer interbreed
Why might two populations become different species?
If they become separated over time.
Explain the relationship between bill width size and seed size (hardness/softness)?
Harder seeds require larger bills and soft seeds require smaller bills.
The Nitrogen Cycle includes?
Bacteria + Fungi
Note 
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