Introduction to Blood and Erythrocytes

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on blood, its components, functions, and related clinical conditions.

Cardiovascular System

A transport system related to other body systems, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing metabolic waste.

Three Main Components of Cardiovascular System

Heart, Vasculature, Blood.

Functions of Blood

Transportation, Regulation, Protection.

Blood Plasma

The liquid part of blood, constituting 55% of whole blood, containing water, proteins, and other solutes.

Formed Elements of Blood

Cells and cell fragments in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hemopoietic Growth Factors

Glycoproteins that regulate blood cell production; include Interleukins, Erythropoietin, and Thrombopoietin.

ABO Blood Group

Classification based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Rh Factor

Determined by the presence of the D antigen on red blood cells.

Antibodies

Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells, binding to specific antigens and causing agglutination.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells, most abundant formed elements responsible for gas transport.

Hypoxemia

A condition characterized by a low level of oxygen in the blood.

Hemoglobin Structure

A protein in red blood cells made of globin and heme that transports oxygen.

Erythropoiesis

The production of red blood cells, stimulated by hypoxemia.

Hematocrit

The percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic mutation leading to the deformation of red blood cells and associated chronic anemia.

Polycythemia

A condition characterized by an abnormally high red blood cell count.

Anemia

A condition defined by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and low oxygen delivery.

Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System

A system maintaining blood pH through equilibrium involving $CO_2$ and bicarbonate ions.