Lab Test 2 Multiple Choice

As a general rule, the sympathetic division __________.

increases the metabolic rate and reduces digestive and urinary functions

The parasympathetic division __________.

activates the "rest and repose (digest)" reaction and conserves energy

The autonomic nervous system __________.

regulates "automatic" activities and is influenced by the hypothalamus

The sympathetic division does NOT include which of the following?

intramural ganglia

Jennifer is at a stoplight and begins to accelerate into traffic when the light turns green, but she stops suddenly as a semitrailer runs the red light only a few inches away from her front bumper. Which of the following effects would you NOT expect to find in Jennifer's body?

increased digestive activity

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves.

The heart, lungs, and digestive organs are innervated by __________.

both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Olfactory receptors are __________.

highly modified neurons that are able to distinguish thousands of distinct odors and are replaced approximately every 30 days.

Which of the following is a taste sensation characteristic of beef or chicken broth?

umami

The wall of the eye consists of __________ distinct layers.

three

The middle layer of the eye is __________ and is known as the __________.

vascular; uvea

The posterior cavity of the eyeball is filled with a gelatinous substance called the __________.

vitreous body

The parts of the vascular tunic include the __________.

iris, ciliary body, and choroid

What are the major categories of photoreceptors in the eye?

rods and cones

Eric wakes from a night of restful sleep. He washes his face and notices some gritty deposits in the medial corners of his eyes. Which glands could have produced these gritty secretions?

lacrimal caruncle

Night blindness is a condition caused by __________.

a lack of photoreceptor pigments resulting from a vitamin A deficiency

The large external pinna of the ear, the smaller tympanic membrane, and the tiny oval window are ordered in decreasing size to __________.

collect and amplify sound for the cochlea to process

The incus, malleus, and stapes __________.

connect the tympanic membrane with the oval window for sound transmission

Motion sickness is caused by the reception of conflicting information from the eyes (telling your mind your position in space) and the __________ (the component of the inner ear monitoring your body position).

semicircular canals

Which of the following contains a structure called a crista?

semicircular ducts

Which structure or structures are responsible for the sense of hearing and equilibrium?

cochlea and semicircular canals

A patient has suffered repeated upper respiratory infections. The patient is now complaining of ear pain, muffled sound, and crackling noises. The patient does NOT exhibit any signs of equilibrium problems. What is the probable cause of these symptoms?

infection of the middle ear

The endocrine system __________.

performs all of the listed functions

-directs long-term changes such as puberty and pregnancy

-regulates body activities through the production of hormones

-involves glands that do not use ducts to transport their secretions

How are the endocrine and nervous systems similar?

All of the listed responses are correct.

-They release chemicals that bind to specific receptors on target cells.

-They share many chemical messengers.

-They attempt to maintain homeostasis.

The hypothalamus __________.

performs all of the listed functions

-integrates the activities of the endocrine and nervous systems

-secretes regulatory hormones

-is the highest level of endocrine control

The region of the pituitary that releases seven hormones controlling various other endocrine organs and tissues is the __________.

anterior lobe of the pituitary

Thyroxine is synthesized from the amino acid __________ and __________ ions.

tyrosine; iodine

Glucagon __________.

raises blood sugar

Insulin __________.

has all of the listed effects

-stimulates glycogen production

-lowers blood glucose

-increases protein synthesis

Calcitriol __________.

stimulates calcium absorption by the digestive tract

Blood __________.

All of the listed responses are correct.

-is more viscous than water because of its combination of formed and dissolved elements

-contains red cells, white cells, and platelets

-maintains the ability to stop its flow at a point of injury

-carries hormones and antibodies in its circulation

What are the major components of whole blood?

plasma and formed elements

What is the plasma protein that plays an important role in protection against foreign proteins and pathogens?

immunoglobulin

A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and __________ heme units, which each contain the element __________.

four; four; iron

What is the most common blood type among Americans?

type O

There are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens.

four; three

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called __________.

arteries

In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells have a __________ phase as part of their action potential.

plateau

The bundle branches __________.

All of the listed responses are correct.

-conduct impulses to the Purkinje fibers

-extend to the apex of the heart

-transmit impulses to the left and right ventricle

The QRS complex represents __________.

ventricular depolarization

The first heart sound, "lubb," marks the point when __________.

the atrioventricular valves close

Contraction of the chambers of the heart is called __________, and relaxation of the chambers of the heart is called __________.

systole; diastole

The three large arteries originating from the aortic arch are the __________.

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries

Chemical and gaseous exchange takes place __________.

only across capillary walls

In fetal development, the connection between the right atrium and left atrium, which closes by birth, is called the __________.

foramen ovale