Chapter 1 - Spain Pre and Post Columbus

What countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula?

Spain and Portugal

Which groups occupied the Iberian Peninsula before Roman occupation?

Celts, Basque, and Greeks

What was the time period of the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula?

200 B.C. - 400 A.D

What significant achievement did the Romans accomplish in the Iberian Peninsula?

Unified most of the peninsula for the 1st time

What contributions did the Romans make to the Iberian Peninsula?

Settlements, infrastructure, future Spanish customs, law, language, & Christianity

What years did the Visigoth occupation of the Iberian Peninsula occur?

415-711 AD

What type of people were the Visigoths?

Germanic people

What religion did the Visigoths convert to?

Catholicism

Where can remnants of the Visigoths be seen in modern times?

Some formal Spanish names

What years did the Moor occupation of the Iberian Peninsula occur?

711-1492 (750 years)

Where did the Muslim conquerors who occupied the Iberian Peninsula come from?

Northwest Africa

What are some lasting influences of the Moor occupation on Spain?

Architecture, music, customs, and language

What was the Reconquista?

An ongoing effort to drive out the Moors.

What influence did the Reconquista have on medieval Spanish life and culture?

It influenced militarism, religious fanaticism, and elements of later cowboy culture.

When did the Reconquista end?

1492

Who were the monarchs during the end of the Reconquista?

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

What significant political formation resulted from the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella?

The nation-state of Spain

Where did Spanish religious and military zeal carry over to after the Reconquista?

First to the Canary Islands, then to the New World

Who were the first known inhabitants of the Canary Islands?

Guanches

When did the indigenous people come to the Canary Islands?

During the first millennium BC

Christopher Columbus

An Italian navigator funded by the Spanish Government (Ferdinand & Isabella) to find a passage to the Far East. He is credited for "discovering" the "New World," pillaging and killing native peoples. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until he died in 1503.

What is the Columbian Exchange?

An exchange of goods, ideas, skills, plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old World and the New World.

Which regions are considered the Old World in the context of the Columbian Exchange?

Europe, Asia, and Africa

Which regions are considered the New World in the context of the Columbian Exchange?

North and South America