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What type of the joint is the Hip? (2)
Multi-axial Ball and Socket Joint
Very Stable Joint
Hip Joint structure characteristics: about the acetabulum and how are the ligaments&muscles?
Deep Acetabulum
Strong Ligaments and Muscles
What direction does the Acetabulum face?
Lateral, Inferior, Anterior (LIA)
What are the 3 Extra-Articular Ligs of the Hip?
Iliofemoral Lig (Y Ligaments of Bigelow)
Ischiofemoral Lig
Pubofemoral Lig
Function of Iliofemoral Lig?
Strongest lig in the body
Prevents excessive extension of hip or anterior glide
How strong is the ischiofemoral and what does it prevent?
Weakest of the 3 Extra Articular Ligs
Limits Extension and IR
Function of Pubofemoral Lig?
Prevents Excessive Abduction
What will happen if hip ligs become lax, if pt has sway back, or if hip is always in Anterior Position? (Lecture Example)
Hip position may begin to stretch tissue and overtime pt might develop wobble in Anterior Direction = Anterior type glide syndrome of the Hip
What are the 2 Intra Articular Ligs of the Hip?
Ligamentum Teres and Transverse Lig
Ligumentum Teres Function?
Transmits a branch of Obturator Artery to Femoral Head (Children and Infants)
Transverse Lig Function?
Bridges gap across Acetabular Fossa to Labrum
What does the Capsule enclose?
Hip Joint
Where does the Capsule attaches to?
Acetabular rim and laterally at trochanter line on femoral neck
Which position has the most forces on the Hip? (4)
B/L Standing = 0.33x BW
Single Limb Support = 2.4-2.6x BW
Walking Up Stairs = 3-6x BW
Running = 4.5x BW
Major vascular supply to the Hip Joint?
Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery
Vascular Clinical Note: What can displaced femoral neck fractures do?
Disrupt the blood supply leading to Osteonecrosis (Bone Cell Death)
The Acetabulum is formed and deepened by what?
Formed: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Deepened by Labrum
All bursas are deep except which one?
Subcutaneous Trochanteric Bursa
Three most clinically significant Bursas of the Hip:
Trochanteric (Lat Hip)
Iliopectineal (Ant Hip)
Ischiogluteal (Near Ischial Tub)
Which bursa is most commonly diagnosed and should be palpated for tenderness?
Trochanteric Bursa
What does the Trochanteric Bursa do?
Decrease friction between IT band, Glute Med, Glute Max, and Greater Trochanter
Where does the Iliopectineal Bursa lie?
Btw Iliopsoas and Ilipectineal eminence of bone at the superior rim of acetabulum
How much of the population has Iliopectineal Bursa?
15% >> This bursa communicates w hip joint
Where does the Ischiogluteal Bursa lie?
Btw Ischial Tuberosity and Common HS Tendon
Ischiogluteal Bursa is common in what population? What is it known as?
People who sit on hard surfaces a lot
AKA Weavers Bottom
ABductor and Adductor Muscles of the Hip
AB: Glute Med/Min, TFL, Prirformis
AD: Adductor Magnus/Longus/Brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus
Long and Short Extensor Muscle of the Hip
Short Extensors: Glute Max
Long Extensors: Biceps Fem, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
Short and Long Flexors of the Hip
Short Flexors: Iliac and Psoas
Long Flexors: Rec Fem, Sartorius, TFL
ER and IR of the Hip
ER: Obt. Internus/Externus, Glute Max, Sartorius
IR: Adductor Family, Glute Med and Min
What muscle is the primary stabilizer of hip and pelvis in SLS (Single Limb Stance)?
Glute Med
What is the most common posture in humans?
SLS
What does SLS require of the Glute Med to prevent what?
to generate 2x the BW to prevent trendeleberg
Glute Med is ____% of Hip Abductor Size
60%
Glute Min is ___%, TFL is ____%, and Piriformis is ____% of Hip Abductor Size
Glute Min: 20%
TFL and Piriformis: 10%
Origin of Glute Med
Along most of Superior Iliac Crest and Posterior to Greater Trochanter
Insertion of Glute Med
Anterior to midline of Greater Trochanter
What can contracture of the Iliopsoas disturb?
Normal Kinetics btw Lumbar, Pelvis, Hips
What can Contracture Disturbance of Iliopsoas cause what 3 things?
Altered gait, function, and pain
What 5 muscles are part of the Adductor Family?
Magnus, Longus, Brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus
What is the Adductor Family important for? (2)
Adduction torque
Bidirectional role of flexion and extension (Helps control limb in space)
What does Adductor Fam help w? What do you oftenly see?
To smooth transition between flexion and extension in running and gait >> Often seen w Adductor Strains
What 2 muscles make up the hip extensors?
Glute max
Hamstrings
When is the HS most active?
Gait and ADL's
When is the Glute Max active?
W propulsive activities >> Stair Climbing, Jumping, Running
Hip Extensor Clinical Pearl: (MMT) (2 positions)
MMT hip ext w knee extend = more HS
MMT hip ext w knee flex = more Glute Max
What muscle is the only muscle that passes through the Greater Sciatic Foramen along w ___ nerves and ___ blood vessels
Piriformis Bitch
7 nerves
6 blood vessels
Piriformis Syndrome characteristics: often over what? What does it usually refer to? Referred pain for what?
Often over diagnosed
Usually refers to trigger point pn in Piriformis OR
Referred pn for Irritated Sciatic Nerve
Piriformis: Greater than 90 deg of flexion =
IR
Piriformis: Less than 40 deg of flexion =
ER
Piriformis: Btw 40-90 degrees =
Abductor
What envelops muscles of the thigh?
Fascia Latae
Where for the IT Band extend from?
Iliac Crest to Tibia
IT Band crossing over Trochanter can possibly cause what?
Bursitis
What muscles attach to the IT Band and at what level?
Glute Max and TFL
At level of Greater Trochanter
What are the 3 other important Fascia?
Abdominal
Thoracolumbar
Deep fascia of the butt