crimean war, industrial revolution

What were the two types of people after Napoleon?

Reactionaries and Liberals

What did the Reactionaries want?

They hated the French Revolution, and they wanted to give power back to the kings/nobles/church

What did the Liberals want?

They wanted more democracy and freedom to the common people, limiting the power of the kings/nobles/church

What was the meeting of Europe's leaders in 1815?

Congress of Vienna

Who were the 4 most important countries in the Congress of Vienna?

Prussia (Germany), England, Russia, Austria

Who led the Congress of Vienna?

The Austrian Foreign Minister, Metternich

What three things did the Congress of Vienna decide?

To give power back to the kings and nobles, to work together to try and stop revolutions from happening, and to try and keep a balance of power

Who revolted in 1848?

Liberals started planning a revolt, and there was a French worker's revolt, which started revolts all over Europe

What was the American Church in 1800's?

It basically died again, where no one was going to Church

What was the 2nd Great Awakening?

The revival of the church in the 1800's, where Sunday School and "camp meetings" were started

What 2 Dutch religious groups went to America in the 1800's?

A group led by Van Raalte moved to Holland, and another group led by Scholte moved to Pella

What church did some of the Dutch create in 1857?

The Christian Reformed Church

What areas did the Dutch move to in the late 1800's and early 1900's?

Chicago, Grand Rapids, New York, and New Jersey

What was the Crimean War?

Fought by Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire vs. Russia. It started in 1812 because Russia took over the Crimean Peninsula, which became a very brutal war until Russia lost

Why was the Crimean War so devastating?

There was so much disease gong around, it was honestly safer on the battlefield than in a hospital, mainly because they didn't believe in bacteria or germs

Who is Florence Nightingale?

Most famous English nurse, from the Crimean War, founded modern medicine

What was the Charge of the Light Brigade?

when British cavalry were mistakenly ordered into a valley of Russian cannons

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Started in England around 1750, it was when changes occurred in economy and society

What was the enclosure movement?

When smaller farms combined to make bigger farms, but farmers lost their jobs and were forced to move to the big cities and work factory jobs

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?

• advances in farming
• enclosure movement
• better naval equipment and data
• lower interest rates

What was the first industry to be changed in the Industrial Revolution?

The Textile Industry

What kind of engine was used as a new power source in the IR?

Steam engines

What use of coal was discovered in the IR?

To light fire to make/bend metals easier

What was created when impurities were removed from iron?

Steel

What was a factory system?

A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor

What was an assembly line?

Workers were stationed along a conveyor belt and each worker assembled a specific part of a product before passing it to the next worker

What are interchangeable parts?

Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers

Who made the steamboat?

Robert Fulton

Who made the telegraph?

Samuel F. B. Morse

What is the trans-Atlantic cable?

Submarine communications cable from America to Europe, took 4 tries to get all the way across and work

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

Telephone 1876

Who invented the first good lightbulb?

Thomas Edison

Who invented the airplane?

Orville and Wilbur Wright in 1903, first flight was in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

How did WT Morton help conquer pain?

He helped advance medicine by developing ether, a painkiller

What did Louis Pasteur discover?

Bacteria, and how it is related to disease and infections

What did Joseph Lister do?

He invented antiseptic

What were some bad results of the Industrial Revolutions?

The working conditions got really bad (like, really really really bad), and cities grew but also with bad conditions (e.g. disease, poor housing, crime)

What were some good results of the Industrial Revolution?

The population rises, there is better sewage/water systems, and there is a higher standard of living

What is socialism?

When the government controls major means of production (big companies)

What is Utopian Socialism?

Socialism but in small, tight-knit communities

Who came up with the second form of Socialism (communism)?

Karl Marx

What is the Bourguasie?

middle class

What is the proletariat?

working class

According to Karl Marx, what is the relationship between bourguasie and proletariat, and what is going to happen because of it?

The bourguasie will exploit the proletariat, and then the working class will revolt and win

What were Karl Marx's goals?

He wanted a classless society, with no gov't or private property

What are three problems with Karl Marx's theories?

• it goes against human nature
  ~ people are lazy/greedy/sinful
• he forgot about the middle class
• employees are generally happy

What words express art in the 1800's?

Very emotional and feeling, the music had romanticism and the paintings had Impressionism

What was Social Darwinism?

Applying Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest to society

What was the Social Gospel Movement?

Preached salvation through service to the poor

Who encouraged the Social Gospel Movement?

Dutch reformer Abraham Kuyper

Who founded Mormonism?

Joseph Smith in 1820; he claimed that an angle appeared and showed him where to dig, where he found gold plates with writing that was translated into the Book of Mormon

What is the other name of Mormons?

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

What happened to Joseph Smith in Nauvoo, IL?

They were persecuted, Smith was murdered while escaping form jail, and they moved to Salt Lake City, Utah to escape

Who led the Mormons to Salt Lake City?

Brigham Young

What are the beliefs of Mormons?

The Book of Mormon, the Bible was mistranslated, Jesus was only a prophet, polygamy, works oriented salvation, and you can become a god