Period 2 - Review (1450-1750) - AP World History Modern

This was the name for the academic and cultural 'rebirth' of Europe

The Renaissance

In what two ways did Europeans receive new or old information?

The Crusades, trade networks

What technological advantage did Europe receive from the Mongols?

gunpowder

What things did Europeans receive from the Arabs and other Muslims?

navigation science & technology, medical advances, new sail technology,

What did Europeans receive from conquered parts of the Middle East from 1095-1291?

Greco-Roman knowledge

Provide four new technologies or techniques used to enhance European exploration.

Improved ship design, portolan maps, knowledge of trade winds, sextant

Which wind patterns blew west, from western Africa to the Caribbean?

Trade winds

Which wind pattern blew east, from North America to northern Europe?

Westerlies

Europeans were motivated to explore for God, gold, and glory. What did the 'God' represent?

Spreading Christianity

Europeans were motivated to explore for God, gold, and glory. What did the 'gold' represent?

silver, gold, land

Europeans were motivated to explore for God, gold, and glory.What did the 'glory' represent?

pride / national expansion

Which European states began exploring in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Spain, England, France, Portugal, the Netherlands

What was the term used to describe kings, princes, and lords funding exploration?

royal patronage

What was the term used to describe a business arrangement where people funded the voyages of exploration by paying a portion of the costs?

joint stock

Who funded the first voyages along the western coast of Africa?

Henry the Navigator

Who found the route to India around the tip of Africa?

Vasco de Gama

What was the role of Europeans in Asian trade after exploration?

facilitating trade

Who had 'trade-post' empires in the 1500s (16th century)?

Portugal

What was the name of the tax put on trade by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean?

cartaz

Who had the first massive conquest-based colonial empire in the 1500s (16th century)?

Spain

Which conquistador 'conquered' the Aztecs?

Cortez

Which conquistador 'conquered' the Incas?

Pizarro

Which European countries followed Spain and Portugal with expanded exploration in the 1600s (17th century)?

England, the Netherlands, France

What was the name of the new European economic policy/technique for colonial empires by which colonies were viewed as a way to maximize exports and minimize the imports?

Mercantilism

This term refers to the idea that there was only so much gold and silver (wealth) in the world.

fixed wealth

What were the two parts of the strategy for the national economic policy/technique by which colonial empires viewed colonies as a way to maximize exports and minimize the imports?

tariffs & piracy

This is the term used to describe goods being sold to another country.

exports

This is the term used to describe goods being purchased from another country.

imports

What was the name of the type of companies who were allowed to settle colonies for their mother country?

charter companies

This is the name of the shogun who united Japan in the 17th century.

Tokugawa

Provide a specific example of a charter company.

British East India Company & Dutch East India Company

What denomination of Christianity made it to Japan in the 17th century through aggressive missionary efforts?

Catholicism

What was the name of the rebellion put down by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1637?

Shimabara

What was Japan's response to the rebellion and its 'foreign' influence?

banned foreigners

What was the name of the policy described by which Japan banned foreigners from their country?

Sakoku

Which European country continued trade with Japan throughout the 17th century?

The Netherlands / Dutch

Goods transported from the New World to the Old World by way of the Columbian Exchange.

tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, corn

Goods transported from the Old World to the New World by way of the Columbian Exchange.

rice, wheat, coffee, sugar

What was the name of the exchange of goods between the two hemispheres in the 16th century?

Columbian Exchange

Name the European / Atlantic States that established maritime empires in the Early Modern Era.

Spain, Portugal, England, the Netherlands, and France

This the name for land grants to conquistadors in the Early Modern Era which conferred the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

encomienda

This is the name of the individual ranches, mines, and plantations associated with Spanish land grants.

haciendas

Provide, in order from most-to-least esteemed, the racial hierarchy established in the Spanish New World.

Peninnsulare, Creole, Mestizo, Mulatto, Zambo

This is the practice of establishing overseas colonies to provide wealth and resources to the mother countries.

colonialism

Provide three types of merchants from Asia that continued to thrive despite European domination in the early modern era.

Omanis, Gujaratis, Javanese

This was the primary authority and source of power for the Catholic Church prior to the 16th century.

The Pope

This German theologian's questioning of various practices of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation in 1517.

Martin Luther

The title of the work which was nailed to the door of the Cathedral of Wittenberg and launched the Reformation in 1517.

95 Thesis

This was the controversial practice of selling salvation by the Catholic Church in 16th-century.

indulgences

This is the name of a movement that questioned the policies of the Catholic Church in the Early Modern Era and moved to reform the church; this later resulted in breakaway denominations.

Protestant Reformation

Improvements in this Chinese invention enabled the spread of religious, scientific, and political ideas rapidly in 16th-century Europe.

Printing Press

This was the name of the battle in which the Portuguese forces defeated the Omani and established control of the Indian Ocean in 1509.

Diu

As the Mali Empire started to disintegrate, this African empire reasserted control of Gao and subsequently took advantage of the weakened Mali Empire to expand their rule and control of the lucrative Sahara Desert trade network. Like Mansa Musa, one of the most important leaders of this dynasty, Askia, also completed a hajj to Mecca and because Islam was so important to him, he recruited Muslim scholars from Egypt and Morocco to teach at the Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu and establish other Muslim learning centers throughout the kingdom.

Songhai

This was the large-scale naval battle in which an alliance of Christian forces defeated the Ottoman Empire near Greece in 1571 and secured control of the Mediterranean Sea.

Lepanto

This was the major battle site in both 1529 and 1683 in which Catholic forces held off advances by Ottoman Turks and ultimately ended the Ottoman threat in Central Europe.

Vienna

This decades-long conflict between Catholics and Protestants in the early 17th century signified the decline of Spain and the weakening of the power of the Catholic Church throughout Europe.

The Thirty Years War

This was the name of the Russian state that emerged as the dominant Russian principality in the 16th century.

Muscovy

Who was the Russian leader that used the state to conquer and incorporate the Republic of Novgorod and the majority of the Russian people and crowned himself Tsar of the Rus.

Ivan III (aka Ivan the Great)

This was the name of the Russian leader in the 16th century who used terror tactics to consolidate his monarchal power and crush any resistance from the ability and Eastern Europe.

Ivan IV (aka Ivan the Terrible)

What was the name of the powerful noble class in Eastern Europe that Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) tortured, executed, and stripped of land and power?

boyars

This was the name of the Russian Tsar in 1682 that greatly expanded Russia, centralize the Russian state, and modernized Russia by largely modeling it after France under Louis XIV. His great accomplishments were the creation of a Russian navy and the building of St. Petersburg.

Peter the Great

This was the Russian capital established on the Baltic coast by Peter the Great in an attempt to establish a maritime empire modeled after Western European states.

St. Petersburg

This is the name of the grand Russian palace Peter the Great built to emulate the Versailles palace constructed by Louis XIV.

The Winter Palace

This is the name of the Ming Admiral who sailed the Indian Ocean with a massive Chinese fleet and connected China to the Indian Ocean and Muslim merchants.

Zheng He

These were the northern people who invaded Ming China and ended the last Han Dynasty in 1644.

Manchu

This was the system kept in place by the Qing Dynasty to filter and select government officials in order to maintain Han acceptance and stability.

Confucian Exam System

Two oppressive ethnic policies employed by the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty to keep the Han population subservient.

Queue & banning of intermarriage

This was the great Qing Emperor from 1654 to 1722 who vastly expanded China's borders, including much of Central Asia and Tibet in the Himalayan Plateau. His rule was golden age of expansion, stability, and prosperity for the Chinese Empire.

Emperor Kangxi