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What event started the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille.
What was the makeup of the three Estates in France?
The clergy, nobility, and commoners.
Who was the King of France at the start of the French Revolution?
Louis XVI.
What document declared the rights of French citizens during the Revolution?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
What similar document was published by Olympe de Gouges?
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.
What group was known for its radical views during the French Revolution?
The Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre.
What device became the symbol of the Reign of Terror?
The guillotine.
What leader rose to power after the revolution and established an empire?
Napoleon I.
What was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna?
To create a balance of power throughout Europe.
What was the main cause of the Womenâs March to Versailles?
Complaints over the high price and scant availability of bread.
What was the Committee of Public Safety?
A political body during the French Revolution that was supposed to protect the Republic; it was known for its radical measures.
What economic condition was a primary cause of the French Revolution?
Widespread poverty and financial mismanagement.
Who was the symbol of royal excess and discontent?
Marie Antoinette.
What battle marked the end of Napoleon's power?
The Battle of Waterloo.
What was the Estates-General?
A legislative assembly representing the three estates of France.
What was the period following the fall of Robespierre known as?
The Thermidorian Reaction.
What was a primary cause of the financial crisis before the revolution?
Excessive spending by the monarchy and involvement in wars.
What estate formed the National Assembly?
The Third Estate.
Who wrote the influential pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?"
Abbé SieyÚs.
What was Napoleon's nationality by birth?
Corsican.
In which battle was Napoleon defeated for the first time?
The Battle of Leipzig.
What title did Napoleon take when he became leader of France?
First Consul.
What island was Napoleon exiled to after his defeat at Waterloo?
Saint Helena.
What major legal code did Napoleon implement?
The Napoleonic Code.
Which major countries in Europe formed a coalition against Napoleon?
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Austerlitz?
A decisive victory for Napoleon.
Why did Napoleon invade Russia in 1812?
To enforce the Continental System and respond to Russian withdrawal from it.
Which treaty marked the end of Napoleon's hundred days?
The Treaty of Paris (1815).
Where did Napoleon spend his final years?
On Saint Helena.
What were some of the reforms instituted by Napoleon?
Educational reforms, legal reforms, and improvements in infrastructure.
What was the importance of the Concordat of 1801?
It restored relations with the Catholic Church and recognized its influence in France.
What was important about the Battle of Trafalgar?
It established British naval supremacy.
In what two areas did Napoleon abandon his army?
Russia and during the retreat from Moscow; he was forced to abdicate in France.
What was the Continental System?
Napoleon's economic blockade to weaken Britain.
Which Coalition was responsible for the final defeat of Napoleon?
The Seventh Coalition.
What was the main reason for the failure of the Continental System?
Ineffective enforcement and widespread smuggling.
Who actually crowned Napoleon as emperor of France?
Napoleon crowned himself.
What actually restored the monarchies in Europe after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo?
The decisions made at the Congress of Vienna.
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