AP World History Unit 7 Flashcards

Armistice Day

Commemoration of the end of World War I, marked on November 11, 1918.

Genocide

Intentional destruction of a racial, ethnic, or national group.

Holocaust

Genocidal event in which six million Jews were killed by the Nazis.

Asia for Asiatics

Japanese imperial policy aiming to exploit conquered Asian territories.

Ethnic cleansing

Systematic removal or extermination of an ethnic group from a territory.

Nuremberg Laws

Laws that institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews in Nazi Germany.

Janjaweed

Militant group involved in the Darfur genocide in Sudan.

International Criminal Court

Judicial body established to prosecute individuals for genocide and war crimes.

Armenians

Ethnic group targeted during the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman Empire.

Tutsis

Minority ethnic group in Rwanda, targeted during the 1994 genocide.

Hutus

Majority ethnic group in Rwanda, involved in the genocide against Tutsis.

Heinrich Himmler

Nazi leader responsible for implementing the Holocaust and Auschwitz.

Slobodan Milosevic

Serbian leader associated with the genocide and ethnic cleansing in the Balkan conflicts.

Omar al-Bashir

Sudanese president charged with war crimes related to the Darfur genocide.

Dresden

German city heavily bombed, known for significant destruction and loss of life.

Tokyo

Japanese city targeted by Allied firebombing during World War II

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister during WWII known for his inspiring speeches and leadership.

Island-hopping

Allied strategy of selectively attacking specific islands in the Pacific during WWII.

Hiroshima

Japanese city where the first atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945.

Nagasaki

Japanese city where the second atomic bomb was dropped on August 9, 1945.

Atlantic Charter

1941 policy statement by the U.S. and Britain outlining post-war goals.

Blitzkrieg

German military strategy of rapid and overwhelming attacks to quickly defeat opponents.

Luftwaffe

German air force responsible for aerial attacks during WWII.

Adolf Hitler

German dictator promoting extreme nationalism and militarism in the 20th century.

Neville Chamberlain

British Prime Minister known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.

Weimar Republic

Democratic government in Germany post-World War I, struggling with economic crises and political instability.

Sudetenland

German-speaking region of Czechoslovakia sought by Hitler for territorial expansion.

Danzig

Polish port city that Hitler demanded to reclaim as part of German territory.

Nuremberg Laws

Anti-Jewish laws in Nazi Germany that stripped Jews of citizenship and rights.

Kristallnacht

Violent anti-Jewish pogrom in 1938, marking a significant escalation in Nazi persecution.

Lebensraum

Concept of acquiring "living space" for the German people, justifying territorial expansion.

Anschluss

Political union of Austria with Germany in 1938, achieved through coercion.

Munich Agreement

1938 settlement allowing Nazi Germany to annex Sudetenland in exchange for a promise of no further territorial claims.

Anti-Comintern Pact

Agreement between Germany and Japan against the spread of communism, established in 1936.

Axis Powers

Coalition of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

1939 agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to remain neutral and divide Eastern Europe.

Nazis

National Socialist German Workers’ Party that ruled Germany under Hitler from 1933 to 1945.

Reichstag

German parliament during the Weimar Republic and Nazi regime.

Third Reich

The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945, emphasizing Aryan supremacy.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's autobiography outlining his ideology and political plans, written during imprisonment.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility and prejudice against Jews, intensified in Nazi Germany.

Aryans

Term used by Nazis to describe a "superior" race, primarily based on European descent.

Appeasement

Policy of conceding to demands to maintain peace, notably associated with Chamberlain's actions toward Hitler

Balfour Declaration

Statement supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine by the British government

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of India's independence movement, promoting nonviolent resistance

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Advocate for a separate Muslim state in South Asia, later known as Pakistan

Jawaharlal Nehru

First Prime Minister of independent India, leader of the Indian National Congress

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader advocating for peasant-led revolution

Chiang Kai-shek

Leader of Chinese Nationalist Party, opposing communism

Indian National Congress

Political party leading the struggle for Indian independence

satyagraha

Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance and truth

Salt March

Gandhi-led protest against British salt laws in 1930

March First Movement

Korean protests against Japanese occupation starting March 1, 1919

May Fourth Movement

Anti-imperialist protests in China beginning May 4, 1919

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Party founded in 1921, aimed at establishing a communist regime in China

Kuomintang

Chinese Nationalist Party aimed at independence and modernization

Long March

Year-long military retreat of the CCP led by Mao from 1934-1935

Palestine

Region promised as a Jewish homeland, under British control post-WWI

Pakistan

Proposed separate nation for Muslims in South Asia

Amritsar

Site of a tragic massacre that catalyzed the Indian independence movement

Manchukuo

Puppet state established by Japan in northeastern China

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Japanese imperial concept proclaiming regional leadership and liberation

Zionists

Supporters of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Mahatma

Title meaning "great soul" given to Gandhi for his leadership

Jomo Kenyatta

Future leader of Kenya and nationalist figure

Leopold Senghor

Senegalese leader and poet, prominent figure in African nationalism

collectivize

The transfer of ownership from individuals to collective entities.

kolkhoz

A collective farm in the Soviet Union.

corporatism

An economic system where sectors cooperate under state control.

Great Depression

A global economic downturn beginning in 1929.

New Deal

A series of programs in the U.S. to address the Great Depression.

New Economic Plan

A temporary retreat from strict communist policies in Russia.

Five-Year Plan

A government program to improve economic productivity in the Soviet Union.

John Maynard Keynes

Economist advocating for government intervention in economies.

Russian Civil War

A conflict following the Russian Revolution, fighting for control.

Spanish Civil War

A conflict between Republicans and Nationalists in Spain, 1936-1939.

Guernica

A town attacked during the Spanish Civil War, symbolizing civilian suffering.

Politburo

The executive committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union.

Institutional Revolutionary Party

A dominant political party in Mexico post-revolution.

Nationalists

Forces led by Franco opposing the Spanish Republic.

Republicans

Supporters of the Spanish Republic during the civil war.

Luftwaffe

The aerial warfare branch of the German military.

PEMEX

The Mexican state-owned petroleum company

Lusitania

British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat, leading to U.S. anger.

Zimmermann Telegram

Intercepted communication proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S.

ANZAC

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, known for their campaign at Gallipoli.

Gallipoli

A failed military campaign during World War I on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Paris Peace Conference

1919 meeting of Allied leaders to negotiate peace after World War I.

Big Four

Key leaders at the Paris Peace Conference: Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President advocating for "peace without victory" and self-determination.

David Lloyd George

British Prime Minister who sought to punish Germany after the war.

Georges Clemenceau

French Prime Minister demanding strict reparations from Germany.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's proposal for a fair peace and creation of a League of Nations.

League of Nations

International organization founded to promote peace and cooperation.

Treaty of Versailles

1919 agreement imposing harsh penalties on Germany post-World War I.

Weimar Republic

German government established after World War I, faced significant challenges.

All Quiet on the Western Front

A novel depicting the grim realities of trench warfare.

Great War

The first global conflict involving numerous nations from 1914 to 1918.

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, igniting World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered the war.