Civil Rights and Liberties Federalism

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to civil rights, liberties, and federalism as found in the lecture notes.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that outline the rights of individuals and limit government power.

Exclusive Powers

Powers given only to the national (federal) government, such as declaring war and coining money.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by both the federal and state governments, including collecting taxes and enforcing laws.

Reserved Powers

Powers reserved for the states, protected by the Tenth Amendment, such as regulating education and conducting elections.

Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states.

Dual Federalism

A model of federalism where federal and state governments operate in distinct spheres with limited interaction.

Cooperative Federalism

A model where federal and state governments work together on shared policy areas and responsibilities.

Regulated Federalism

A system where the federal government uses mandates and conditions to influence states.

New Federalism

A political philosophy aimed at returning power to the states by reducing federal involvement.

Apportionment

The process of distributing seats in the House of Representatives based on population, typically following a census.

Redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries to ensure equal representation based on population changes.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party or group.