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Interstitial fluid is renamed what as soon as it enters the lymphatic vessels
lymph
There are three basic functions of the lymphatic system. This includes fluid balance, fat absorption, and what?
Immunological defense
Tonsils are groups of what found in the throat and on the back of the tongue
lymph nodes
An immune response that is the same regardless of the pathogen or toxin ecountered
innate immunity
An immune response targeted at a specific pathogen or toxin
acquired immunity
Immunity that comes from antibodies in the blood
Humoral immunity
Proteins secreted by cells infected with a virus. These proteins stimulate nearby cells to resist the virus
Interferon
Immunity that comes from the action of T lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity
Chemicals that promote fever by acting on the hypothalamus
pyrogens
Lymph is the same throughout the lymphatic system
False
Lymph vessels near the intestine absorb what, giving the lymph a milky appearance there
fats
Peyer’s patches are groups of lymph nodules found in the wall of the what
small intestine
What three basic functions of the lymph node have?
Testing the lymph for foreign invaders.
Adding lymphocytes to the blood.
Filtering the lymph with macrophages.
What are the three basic functions of the spleen?
To cleanse the blood of foreign invaders.
To dispose of worn-out erythrocytes.
To be a reservoir of blood.
What type of lymph vessels carry lymph into the lymph node?
Afferent lymph vessels
What type of lymph vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node?
Efferent lymph vessels
Imagine a person walking down the street to a bus stop. While walking to the bus stop, the person is referred to as a ‘pedestrian’. When the person boards the bus, he or she is considered a ‘passenger’ instead. The person is exactly the same person just referred to in a completely different way. How is this similar to interstitial fluid and lymph?
When interstitial fluid enters lymph vessels, it is called lymph. It is the same fluid, but because it is now moving through the lymph vessels, it is called something different. This is just like a person who is a pedestrian while walking and a passenger when riding.
After a fatty meal, the blood looks like tomato soup —a cloudy red, After fasting, it is a clear cherry red. Why?
Remember, fat is brought into the blood via the lymphatic system. When it is in the lymphatic system, it looks milky-white. When it gets dumped into the blood, it gives the blood a cloudy appearance. So, the blood is cloudy because of fat that is being brought into the blood by the lymphatic system. When you are fasting, you are not taking in any food, including fat. So, there is no milky-white substance to cloud up the blood.
Which subclavian vein receives more lymph: the right or left subclavian vein?
Notice that the thoracic duct empties into the left subclavian vein. The right lymphatic duct empties into the right subclavian vein. Since the thoracic duct is much larger than the right lymphatic duct, more lymph drains into the left subclavian vein. In fact, the thoracic duct drains lymph from the entire abdomen and lower body, as well as the right side of the upper body. The right lymphatic duct drains only the upper right part of the body.
Which carries more lymph: an afferent lymph vessel or an efferent lymph vessel? assume both are connected to the same lymph node.
There may be several afferent vessels coming into a lymph node, but there is usually only one going out. So, the efferent vessel carries more lymph.
You're given 2 vials of salty liquid. One contains sweat and the other tears, What test could you preform to determine which was which?
Check for the presence of lysozyme. Lysozyme is in tears but not sweat.
One measure to prevent infection that was tested years ago involved interferon spray. If a person sprays interferon in their nasal cavity they become more immune to certain infections. To what kind of infections would the person be more immune?
The person would be more resistant to viral infections because interferon is antiviral
A blood sample has plasma B cells in it. Must it also have memory B cells against the same antigen?
If the blood has plasma B cells, it must have memory B cells
Must a blood sample with memory B cells in it also contain plasma B cells against the same antigen?
If blood has memory B cells it may not have plasma B cells
An afferent lymphatic vessel has…
multiple vessels going into the capillary
What shape is an antibody in?
Y
Lymphatic pathways begin as what that merge to form lymphatic vessels
capillaries
the wall of a lymphatic capillary consists of a single layer of what cells
epithelial
the structure of the walls of lymphatic vessels is similar to what, but thinner
veins
Lympatic also have what, similar to veins to prevent what
valves; back flow
Lymph enters a node through an efferent or afferent lymphatic vessel
afferent
The indented region where blood vessels and nerves join a lymph node is the what
helum
Lymph nodes contain large numbers of WBC’s called what and macrophages that fight invading microorganisms
lymphocytes
Red bone marrow
blood cell and lymphocyte production
thymus
site for T-cell maturation
spleen
filters and stores blood
Lymph nodes
helps filter pathogens and other foreign materials