Geo dynamic development

Development

An improvement of living standards

Global distribution of acs

Acs are located in North America, Europe generally, the anomalies are Australia and New Zealand

Global distribution of edcs

Edcs are located in South America and Asia with a few in africa

Global distribution of lidcs

Lidcs make up most of Africa, a few anomalies are that one is in south America and another one is in asia

Economic measures of development

GDP per capita -

GNI per capita

HDI

Social measurements of development

Literacy rate

Infant mortality

Birthrate

Human factors for uneven development

Politics

Aid

Health

Education

Trade

Physical factor for uneven development

Geological location

Why is it hard to break out of development

Political unrest

Debt

Trade

Overview of economic development in Ethiopia

One of the fastest growing economies but also one of the poorest

7.3%growth 22- 23

Rostows model

Trad society

Pre takeoff

Takeoff

Drive to maturity

High mass consumption

Milenium development goals

Improve maternal health- all good

— 55%women now have contraception

—maternal mortality has dropped to 23%

—Age of mothers increasing

Reduce child mortality

— reduced to 47/1000 from 97/1000

— 97%children receive vaccine

—malaria and diarrhoea still account for a large proportion of deaths in children

Achieve universal primary education

— 96% children. Now enrolled in primary education

— lit rate is still 36%

— more males than females

Ethiopia trade

Mostly primary sector trade- raw materials

Coffee,28%

80% is raw

Benefits of TNCs

Provide new job opportunities

Gain new skill

New tech brought to poorer countries

Money spent to improve local infrastructure- more development

Problems with TNCs

Jobs not always secure

Low wages

Long hours

Poor condition

Not good for health

Most are from acs- money goes back to headquarters- acs get money

Top - down strategy

Gibe lll dam, omo river

$1.8 billion

Generate electricity, renewable since from dam

Half power

Half to exports(Kenya, sudan)

Predicted can bring $407 mil per year

Flood protection

Reduction impacts in droughts

Change seasonal flooding- reduces downstream vol

Destroy fisheries

Tribal people don’t have a say in the matter

Consultation is rarely carried out fully and appropriately

Bottom - up stretegy

Goats and beehives(tigray)

Each woman 3 goats- then give 3 does when herd has grown

Manure natural fertiliser

Saves money, cheese milk

Training sessions provided

540 tigrayan farmers with beekeeping kit

• Invasive?

Irrigation equipment and training

Small scale

15farmers

Gain money through water

Hilton hotel

1000 new jobs

Tourists

H&M

Head quarters in ac