locked in

2 endocrine glands located in the brain

pituitary and pineal gland

two systems responsible for coordinating and directing the bodies functions

endocrine and nervous system

2 endocrine glands located in the abdominal cavity

pancreas and adrenal glands

2 features that apply to the endocrine glands

control long term activities of the body, trigger a cellular response

most common stimulis for hormone release

releasing hormones in response to other hormones

how are hormones deactivated

excreted in urine or broken down by enzymes

What is the term for the primary means of regulating the blood levels of the majority of hormones?

negative feedback mechanism

2 features of non-steroidal hormones

water soluble and stored in endocrine cells

Choose the feature that does NOT apply to non-steroidal hormones.

names usuall end in on or one

Which organ consists of hypothalamic tissue that grows downward?

Neurohypophysis

Which hormone is released by the adenohypophysis?

TSH

Which gland's main function is to receive information about the amount of light present in the environment and to secrete the hormone melatonin?

pineal gland

Which hormone increases the reabsorption of water and inhibits urine production?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which hormone is necessary for T-lymphocyte production and maturation?

thymosin

These glands control the calcium levels within the bloodstream.

parathyroid glands

active iodine-containing hormones.

T3 AND T4

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition known as:

hashimoto

Which TWO hormones work together to maintain blood calcium homeostasis?

Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

Graves disease

Which type of diabetes must be controlled to protect a baby's growth and development?

Gestational diabetes

In blood glucose regulation, the ___ takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen

liver

People with this type of diabetes need lifelong insulin therapy.

type 1

What part of the adrenal glands secretes adrenaline?

medulla

Which hormone regulates the electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids, particularly Na+ and K+ ions?

Aldosterone

If a tissue is not getting enough oxygen for whatever reason, it is suffering from what? 

hypoxia

Which plasma protein is involved in immunity and better known as antibodies?

gamma globlins

Which ability of leukocytes allows them to move through the tissue spaces to reach the infection site?

Ameboid motion

Which ability of leukocytes allows them to enter and exit blood vessels as needed?

diapedesis

Your blood type is based on the presence or absence of two antigens on the ___________ of the red blood cells.

cell membrane

Which term is described by the following?

"Antigens that originate within the body allowing the body to recognize what belongs and what does not belong"

endogenous

The primary lymphatic organs function as sites of lymphocyte ___.

Formation and maturation

Which antibody is found in secretions such as mucus, saliva, tears, and semen, binds to antigens, and prevents them from crossing the epithelium and entering the body tissue?

igA

Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of humoral immunity?

Also known as cell mediated immunity

Which valve prevents backflow into the right atrium?

Tricuspid valve

​This vessel receives deoxygenated blood from the head, shoulders, and arms.

superior vena cava

Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle?

aortic valve

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?

it pumps blood to the entire body

Where is the myocardium the thickest?

left ventricle

Which circulation system does not serve the metabolic needs of the body tissues but functions only to bring blood in close contact with the alveoli of the lungs so that gas exchange can take place?

pulmonary circulation

Which vessels are the primary site of vascular resistance, which reduces the pressure and velocity of blood flow?

arterioles

These deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium.

coronary arteries

These remove de-oxygenated blood from the heart.

cardiac veins

Which one of the following applies only to the systemic circulation system?

long loop circuit

This is the thickest and most elastic artery in the body. 

aorta

Which one of the following is NOT correct regarding the atrial contraction phase?

atrial pressure decreases

According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, an increase in the volume or speed of venous return will accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:

increased heart size

Cardiac output is equal to what?

The volume of blood pumped by either ventricle during one minute

Changes in blood pressure are detected by this type of receptor located in the aortic arch and the carotid sinus.

baroreceptors

This value is expressed in terms of millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

blood pressure

Which of these is a part of both the digestive system and the respiratory system?

pharynx

Which of the following is NOT responsible for bronchoconstriction?

Activation of the fight or flight mechanism

Regarding pulmonary ventilation, airway diameter is inversely proportional to ___.

resistance