AP bio Ch 4 Flashcards

Smooth ER

lipid synthesis

poson detoxification

calcium ion storage

rough ER

protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus

protien modification and sorting

cisternal maturation

lysosomes

macromolecule digestion

autophagy

Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?

insulin

lysosomel enzyme

ER protien

path a secretory protein follows from synthesis to secretion.

Protien Systhesis

a. endoplasmic recticulum

b. cis golgi cisternea

c. medical golgi cisternea

d. trans golgi cisternea

e. plasma membrane

extra cellular space

true statements about phagocytosis

Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes formed during phagocytosis.

Phagocytosis occurs when part of the cell’s plasma membrane engulfs a particle, forming a phagosome.

he contents of phagosomes are digested with the help of hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes.

a

synthesises Lipids

b

assembles ribosomes

c

defines cell shape

d

produces secretory proteins

e

modefies and sorts protiens

f

digests proteins

g

generates ATP

prokaryotic only

nucleoid

eykariotic only

lysosome

mitochondria

nucleous

Both (eukaryotic & prokaryotic)

ribosomes

plasma membrane

flagella

1. In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are ______

microtubules

Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by _____which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.

intermediate filaments

Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into ____

microtubules

The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of______

microfialments

The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the ________

intermediate fialments

During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of ______

micro filaments

Which of these is the simplest unit of life?

cell

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should be chosen and why?

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Cell fractionation __________.

separates cells into their smallest component parts

Plant cell only

chloroplast

cellulose cell wall

central vacuole

animal cell only

centriole

both (plant & animal cell)

mitochondrion

Endoplasmic recticulum

Golgi apparatus

cytoskeleton

nucleus

plasma membrane

Plant cell wall (discription)

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

central vacuole (discription)

regualtes cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, adn stores cell compounds

cholorplast

makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy

mitochondrion (discription)

produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

Golgi apparatus

modfies and pacages proteins

Which statements are true for chloroplasts?

They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.

1

Animal

2

structure: gap juctions

3.

Structure: tight junctions

animal

4

Structure: plasmodesmata

plant

5

structure: cellulose

plant

6

Structure: collagen

animal

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

diffusion time, surface area-to-volume ratio, and shape

Which structure is found in eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic, cells?

mitochondria

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

the plasma membrane

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Section 4.2)

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, which cell type(s) also has/have a nucleus and chloroplasts? (Section 4.2)

a protist cell and a plant cell

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? (Section 4.2)

the nucleus

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Section 4.3)

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Section 4.4)

ribosomes,

rough endoplasmic reticulum,

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which structures will not necessarily increase in abundance in pancreatic cells that begin to secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Section 4.4)

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Which category best fits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Section 4.4)

manufacturing

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ___________. (Section 4.4)

secrete a lot of protein

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________. (Section 4.4)

Golgi apparatus

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. When the synthesis of the protein is complete, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Section 4.4)

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Which is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? (Section 4.4)

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. (Section 4.4)

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of these membranes are likely to have a lipid composition that is most distinct from the others? (Section 4.5)

mitochondrial outer membrane

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have started as prokaryotes. One piece of supports for this hypothesis is these organelles prokaryotic-type ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________. (Section 4.5)

in bacterial cells

Which statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? (Section 4.5)

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Section 4.5)

None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.

Which type of cell will have have the most mitochondria? (Section 4.5)

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which of these is a false statement? (Section 4.5)

Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria __________. (Section 4.5)

must divide each time the cell containing them divides

Which is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (Section 4.5)

cytoplasm

the rough endoplasmic reticulum

in mitochondria

Which organelle might be found inside other organelles? (Section 4.5)

ribosomes

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with what to perform many of their functions? (Section 4.6)

motor proteins

Which structure is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? (Section 4.6)

centrioles

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? (Section 4.6)

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what? (Section 4.6)

motor proteins

Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (Section 4.6)

cytoskeleton

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? (Section 4.6)

cilia

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. (Section 4.7)

a plasmodesma

Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Section 4.7)

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Section 4.7)

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Which statement correctly describes characteristic shared by plant cell walls and an animal cell extracellular matrices? (Section 4.7)

Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus.

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________. (Section 4.7)

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

cholorplasts

Which structure is common to plants AND animal cells?

mitochondrion

which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

phagocytic white blood cells

memorize the order ig