Cellular Respiration Overview and ATP Production

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of cells.

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate, product after ATP loses phosphate.

Glycolysis

First pathway, splits glucose in cytosol.

Citric Acid Cycle

Krebs cycle, occurs in mitochondria, generates electrons.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Final pathway, produces ATP using electron transport.

Glucose

Monosaccharide, C6H12O6, primary energy source.

Oxygen

O2, essential for aerobic respiration processes.

NADH

Electron carrier produced during glycolysis and citric acid cycle.

FADH2

Another electron carrier from the citric acid cycle.

Pyruvate

Product of glycolysis, converted to acetyl CoA.

Acetyl CoA

Intermediate in the citric acid cycle from pyruvate.

ATP Synthase

Protein that synthesizes ATP in mitochondria.

Electron Transport Chain

Series of proteins transferring electrons in mitochondria.

Fermentation

Anaerobic ATP production, repeats glycolysis.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Occurs in muscles during intense exercise.

Alcohol Fermentation

Occurs in yeast, produces ethanol and CO2.

Hydrogen Ions

H+, produced during glycolysis and citric acid cycle.

Carbon Dioxide

CO2, waste product of cellular respiration.

Water

H2O, byproduct of cellular respiration.

Energy Release

Occurs when phosphate groups are removed from ATP.

Cellular Respiration

Process of converting glucose into ATP.

30-32 ATP

Total ATP produced per glucose in respiration.

2 ATP

ATP produced during glycolysis.

2 ATP

ATP produced during citric acid cycle.

26-28 ATP

ATP produced during oxidative phosphorylation.

Mitochondria

Cell organelle where citric acid cycle occurs.

Cytosol

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm where glycolysis occurs.

Controlled Reactions

Chemical reactions in cellular respiration are regulated.

Electron Carriers

Molecules that transport electrons during respiration.

Phosphate Group

Part of ATP, removed to release energy.

Anaerobic Conditions

Lack of oxygen, leads to fermentation.

Pathways

Three main stages of cellular respiration.

Krebs Cycle

Another name for the citric acid cycle.

TCA Cycle

Tricarboxylic acid cycle, synonymous with citric acid cycle.

ATP Production

Main goal of cellular respiration is to generate ATP.

Glucose Breakdown

Process of glycolysis and subsequent pathways.

Electron Transport Chains

Embedded in mitochondrial membrane, crucial for ATP production.

ATP Yield

Amount of ATP generated from glucose metabolism.

O2 Requirement

Oxygen is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.

Energy Power

Movement of electrons powers ATP synthesis.

Cell Functions

ATP provides energy for vital cellular activities.