Prokaryotes and Protists

When was the Earth formed?

4.6 billion years ago

True or False: When earth first formed there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere

False: The Atmosphere was filled with chemicals from volcanic eruptions

How did materials go from abiotic to biotic?

Synthesis of organic molecules, organic molecules then create macromolecules, molecules are packaged into protocols, Self replicating molecules are formed

What happened in Urey and Miller's Experiment?

Proved that synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic compounds is possible

Under what conditions do macromolecules become macromolecules?

In spontaneous reactions and under high temperatures

What is the oldest group of organisms?

Protists

How old are prokaryotes?

About 3.5 billion years ago

What are two ways that prokaryotes reproduce?

Binary fission and horizontal gene transfer

When did eukaryotes first emerge?

1.8 to 1.3 billion years ago

When did multicellular eukaryotes first emerge?

1.7 billion years ago

How many supergroups of Eukaryotes are there?

6

True or false: Protists are eukaryotes

True

What is endosymbiont theory?

Theory that mitochondria and plastids were originally prokaryotes absorbed by ancestral eukaryotes

True or false: Multicellularity only developed once

False

What are the six supergroups of eukaryotes?

Archaeplastida, amoebazoa, opisthokonta, rhizaria, chomalveolata, excavata

True or false: Eukaryotes are a very diverse group of organisms

True

What are some characteristics of Archaeplastida?

Also known as red algae and green algae, are mostly photosynthetic autotrophs, have life cycles similar to plants, share a recent common ancestor with plants

What are some characteristics of Amoebozoa: Slime molds?

some have spore generating bodies like fungi, have large multinucleate cells that allow them to move like an amorphous blob

What are some characteristics of Amoebozoa: Gymnamobae?

Are loose amoebae, shelled amoebae and have pseudopods

What are some characteristics of Opisthokonta?

Also known as choanoflagellates, share a recent common ancestor with animals and sponges, are mostly unicellular and have flagellum for movement

What are some characteristics of Rhizaria: Foraminifera?

Form porus shells called "tests" that are made with calcium carbonate and have thin threadlike pseudopodia; stores carbon for the atmosphere

What are some characteristics of rhizaria: Radiolarians?

Have exteriors of glassy silica and has needle-like pseudopods to catch food

What are some characteristics of Chromalveolata?

They move with a spinning motion and can be phototrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs; can use cilia to move and feed and can be predatory

What are some characteristics of diatoms?

They are photosynthetic, unicellular, and have a silicon dioxide cell wall; are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the ocean and lakes

What are some characteristics of brown algae?

Also known as "seaweed", are part of chromalveolata and may resemble plants

What are some characteristics of "water molds"?

Are fungus like, but are not related closely to fungi; form networks of filaments that allow for nutrient uptake

What are some characteristics of excavata?

Have reduced mitochondria, can be found in anaerobic environments, are mostly parasitic; can be photosynthetic autotrophs or predatory heterotrophs