Myers Psychology for AP Unit 11 - Intelligence

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26 Terms

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intelligence
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
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general intelligence
a general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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factor analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score
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savant syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as computation or drawing
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grit
in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals
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emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
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mental age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
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Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
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intelligence quotient (iq)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca), multiplied by 100 (ma/ca x 100).

On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned to a score of 100, with scores assigned to a relative performance above or below average
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achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
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aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; the capacity to learn
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
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standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of the pretested group
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normal curve
the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extreme
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reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
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validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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content validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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predictive validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior (also called criterion-related validity)
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cohort
a group people form over a period of time
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crystalized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
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fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
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intellectual disability
a condition of limited mental activity, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below, and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life (formerly known as mental retardation)
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down syndrome
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
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heritability
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. May vary depending on the range of populations and environments studies
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stereotype threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype