EATING DISORDERS + OBESITY

Anorexia

• Very low weight

• Body image distortion

• Restriction

• Highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder

Bulimia

• Normal weight

• Overvaluation of weight/shape

• Binge eating + compensatory behaviors

Binge-Eating Disorder

• Binge episodes

• Often leads to obesity

• No compensatory behavior 

Epidemology

Female-dominated 10:1

Rising rates in adolescents and young adults 

Psychological and Genetic Correlations

• Perfectionism, negative affect, anxiety disorder

• High heritability for Anorexia and Bulimia

• Genetic correlations with metabolic factors

Evolution of Obesity

• Food environment changed faster than biology

• High calorie, low effort food overwhelms ancient hunger mechanisms

Factors that contribute to Obesity

Genetic

Sedentary Lifestyle

Cheap, Calorie-Dense Foods

Stress

Sleep Deprivation

Medical Problems

Diabetes

Cardiovascular Disease

Sleep Apnea

Certain Cancers

Gene GPR75

Loss of function mutations protective against obesity

Gene PCSK9

Influences cholesterol, protective variants, lower heart disease risk

Social Factors/Stigma of Obesity

Weight bias affects healthcare, employment, and mental health

Leads to avoidance of care and poorer health outcomes

Treatments for Obesity

Lifestyle changes

GLP-1 Medications (semaglutide, tietze peptide)

Bariatric Surgery

Behavioral Therapy

Treatments for Eating Disorders

CBT-E

Family-Based Therapy (FBT)

Nutritional Rehabilitation