dev psych chap 9 pp

What age range defines middle childhood?

6 – 11 years

How does physical growth progress in middle childhood?

Slower but steady growth

When do girls begin their growth spurt?

Around age 9

What motor skills improve in middle childhood?

Gross and fine motor skills

What are the most common causes of childhood injuries?

Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and collisions.

What factors influence childhood injury risk?

Gender, temperament, and parental supervision

How is obesity defined in children

BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and height

What percentage of U.S. schoolchildren are obese

More than 17%

What contextual factors contribute to childhood obesity?

Socioeconomic status, family meals, and opportunities for physical activity

What is Piaget’s concrete operations stage?

Logical thinking about physical and present objects

What is conservation in cognitive development

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement

What is classification in cognitive development

Categorizing objects into groups and subgroups

What is seriation?

The ability to arrange objects in order (e.g., height, weight)

What is transitive inference?

Understanding relationships between elements in a logical sequence

What is inductive reasoning?

Drawing general conclusions from specific observations

What are the three major memory strategies?

rehearsal, organization, and elaboration

Why do children’s memory abilities improve in middle childhood?

Due to brain development and environmental influences

What intelligence test is commonly used for school-age children?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V)

What does the WISC-V measure?

Verbal and nonverbal abilities through 10 subtests

How does IQ relate to academic success?

Higher IQ predicts higher GPA and graduation rates.

What influences a child’s IQ development?

Time spent in school