rad 121- test 1

what is the study if matter and energy and the interactions between the two

physics

what is anything that occupies space and has shape or form

matter

what is the amount/quantity of matter in an object (constant quantity)- typically measured in kilograms

mass

what is the mass of an object in a gravitational field or the force exerted by a body under the influence of gravity, not constant quantity

weight

what is the ability to do work

energy

what is when x-rays act more like a particle when traveling through tissue and take form of a wave otherwise

wave particle duality

electrons are accelerated from 0 to ____ the speed of light in less than 2 cm and then we stop them

half

what is the energy conversion of making xrays

electrical to electromagnetic

what are x-rays that pass through the patient and interact with the image receptor

remnant radiation

what states that energy or matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but may be transformed from one state to another

law of conservation of energy or matter

what is energy emitted and transferred through space

simply radiation

what is matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it called

exposed or irradiated

what is a special type of radiation that is capable of removing or ejecting an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts

ionizing radiation

what is the interaction between radiation and matter resulting in creating an ion pair called

ionization

x-rays, gamma rays, and uv light are the only forms of _____ radiation capable of ionization

electromagnetic

besides x-rays, gamma rays, and uv light, what are also capable of ionization

fast moving particles

alpha and beta particles, neutrons, and cosmic rays are all types of ……

particulate radiation

what is when an orbital electron “jumps” to a higher energy level and whole atom becomes excited or the movement of electrons between shell levels but does not eject or remove an orbital electron

excitation

what does excitation result in

thermal energy

is the production of xrays an efficient process

no, 99% heat loss

what type of energy is contained within the nucleus of an atom (power plants, atomic bombs)

nuclear

what type of energy is the energy of motion (all matter in motion)

kinetic

what type of energy is the ability to do work by virtue of position or energy of position (guillotine, rollercoaster at top of hill)

potential

what type of energy is potential+kinetic=_____

mechanical

what type of energy is released by a chemical reaction (metabolism, dynamite, xray films)

chemical

what type of energy is work that can be done when electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage) (xray circuit, toaster)

electrical

what type of energy is energy of motion at the molecular level, heat or temperature (heat loss during production of xrays)

thermal

what type of energy is emitted and transferred through matter, all within the em spectrum (radio waves, uv light, x-rays)

electromagnetic

what are the natural environmental sources of ionizing radiation (highest to lowest dose)

radon, internally deposited radionuclides, terrestrial, cosmic

what are the man-made/ medical sources of ionizing radiation (highest to lowest dose)

ct scanning, nuclear medicine, radiography, interventional, other

what is a gas that emits non-penetrating alpha particles, largest source of natural environmental radiation

radon

what are natural metabolites such as potassium-40

internally deposited radionuclides

what are deposits of radionuclide in the earth (uranium, thorium)

terrestrial

what is energy from the sun and stars

cosmic

what are other examples of man-made sources of ionizing radiation

watch dials, exit signs, smoke detectors

what is the rate of change of an object’s position with time; speed

velocity

what is a force on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity on it

weight

what is a measure if how tightly the matter is packed together

mass density

what is a branch of physics that deals with objects at rest and objects in motion

mechanics

what is the rate of change of velocity with time (how quickly or slowly the velocity is changing)

acceleration

what is the transfer of heat by touching

conduction

what is the ability to do work

energy

what is the force applied multiplied by the distance over which it is applied

work

what is the mechanical transfer of rapidly moving or hot molecules from one place to another

convection

what is the rate of doing work

power

when converting from british/ customary units to SI units you must multiply by _____

0.01

when converting from SI units to british/ customary units you must multiply by _______

100

roentgen, rad, and rem are examples of what type of unit

british/customary

gray, curie, sievert are examples of what type of unit

si

convert 23.4 Roentgen to gray

0.234

convert 2.68 rad to Gy

0.0268

convert 0.0372 Gy to mGy

37.2

convert 300 rem to Sv

3

convert 5 Sv to rem

500

convert 2802 mrad to rad

2.802