Strong vs. Weak Acids/Bases

HCl

Strong acid

HBr

Strong acid

HI

Strong acid

HNO₃

Strong acid

HClO₃

Strong acid

HClO₄

Strong acid

H₂SO₄

Strong acid

LiOH

Strong base

NaOH

Strong base

KOH

Strong base

RbOH

Strong base

CsOH

Strong base

Ca(OH)₂

Strong base

Sr(OH)₂

Strong base

Ba(OH)₂

Strong base

HF

Weak acid

HCN

Weak acid

HCOOH

Weak acid

CH₃COOH

Weak acid

H₂CO₃

Weak acid

H₃PO₄

Weak acid

H₂S

Weak acid

NH₄⁺

Weak acid

NH₃

Weak base

CH₃NH₂

Weak base

C₅H₅N

Weak base

HCO₃⁻

Weak base

CN⁻

Weak base

F⁻

Weak base

CH₃COO⁻

Weak base

CO₃²⁻

Weak base

PO₄³⁻

Weak base

Name all Strong ACIDS

HCl

HBr

HI

HNO3

HClO4

HClO3

H2SO4

Name Strong BASES (by class)

Group 1 hydroxides

Group 1/2 Oxides

METAL Oxides are...

Bases

NONmetal Oxides are...

Acids

Lewis ACIDS...

ACCEPT e-

Lewis BASES...

DONATE e-

What makes BINARY acids strong/weak?

Size of the non-hydrogen atom

(larger = stronger)

What makes OXYACIDS strong/weak?

The more O (oxygens), the stronger!

What makes CARBOXYLIC ACIDS strong/weak?

The electronegativity of the atoms attached to the COOH, and how close they are.

The closer, the stronger.

Acetic Acid (formula)

CH3COOH

Acetate (formula)

CH3CO2

Ammonia (formula)

NH3

∆HLat is always...

POSITIVE (endothermic)

∆HHyd is always... (and depends on....)

NEGATIVE (exothermic)

The more charged, the more exothermic!

∆Hsol =

∆Hsol = ∆Hlat + ∆Hhyd

Henry's Law

C = Kh(P)

4 colligative properties

vapor pressure DEPRESSION

BP increases

FP decreases

osmotic pressure (Π=MRTi)

Charged metal cations + effect

Al, Fe, Cr, Zn, Sn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb

Turn a solution ACIDIC!!!