A&P Cardiovascular System

towards

veins pump blood _ the heart

away from

arteries pump blood _ the heart

deoxygenated

veins carry mostly _ blood

oxygenated

arteries carry mostly _ blood

veins

arteries are thicker than _

low

veins have _ pressure

high

arteries have _ pressure

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

the layers that surround the heart from superficial to deep

SA node - AV node - AV bundle - Purkinje fibers - muscle contraction

Intrinsic conduction system: the pathway of transmitting an impulse through

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotenson

low blood pressure

Cardiac Output (CO) = HR (heart rate) x SV (stroke volume)

equation for the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

arteries

blood vessels with thick, muscular, elastic walls that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues

Capillaries

blood vessels with thin single-cell-layer walls that exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and body cells

Veins

blood vessels with medium strength walls that carry deoxygenated blood to heart

Blood pressure

The force of blood against blood vessel walls (highest in arteries)

valves and skeletal muscle contractions

_ and _ _ _ help blood move through the body

Transport of vital substances (oxygen, nutrients, water)

The overall function of the cardiovascular system is

Pericardium

The covering over the heart

Myocardium

layer of pericardium composed of cardiac muscle that is very thick in the ventricle

always open and can expand

Arteries are..

collapse

Veins can...

capillaries

_ connect veins and arteries in tissues

Large arteries - Arteries - Capillaries at the tissue - venules (small veins) - veins - great veins (Vena Cava)

flow of blood through the heart

Temporal

Facial (jawline)

Carotid (neck)

brachial (inner elbow)

radial

femoral

popliteal

posterior

dorsal pedis (top of ankle)

Common arteries for pressure points

to stop hemorrhages

why would you want to stop blood flow?

acivity, emotions, and posture

what affects pulse rate?

Tachycardia

abnormally fast heart rate (over 100 bpm)

bradycardia

Abnormally slow heart rate (under 60 bpm)

1. autonomic nervous system = sets the pace of your heart

2. Intrinsic conduction system = sets the rhythm

2 systems that regulate heart activity

Systole

BP when the heart contracts

Diastole

BP when the heart is in a relaxed state

cardiac cycle

one complete cycle of both diastole and systole pressure is called _ _

120/80

Normal BP

90 & 140

systolic BP is between

60 & 90

diastolic BP is between

aorta / aortic arch with arteries

superior vena cava

right pulmonary artery

right pulmonary veins

right atrium (exterior)

right ventricle (exterior)

inferior vena cava

apex of heart

left ventricle (exterior)

left atrium (exterior)

left pulmonary veins

left pulmonary artery with pulmonary trunk

right atrium (interior)

pulmonary semilunar valve

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

chordae tendineae

intraventricular septum

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

aortic semilunar valve

left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)

left atrium (interior)

Sinoatrial (SA) node

"pacemaker" starts heartbeat at the right atrium

Atrioventricular (AV) node

allows cuspids to open

AV bundle

nerves that run down the introventricular septum

Purkinje fibers

branches into ventricles

deoxygenated blood from vena cava enters the right atrium

blood through heart - step 1

blood goes from right artium, through tricuspid, into right ventricle

blood through heart - step 2

right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood out the pulmonary artery

blood through heart - step 3

pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs, where it releases CO2 and becomes oxygenated

blood through heart - step 4

oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through pulmonary veins

blood through heart - step 5

Blood moves from left atrium, through bicuspid, into left ventricle

blood through heart - step 6

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through aorta

blood through heart - step 7

aorta branches out and delivers oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

blood through heart - step 8