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These flashcards cover significant terms and concepts related to the League of Nations, key treaties, and the international relations landscape of the 1920s.
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Which international organization was established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries?
Options
A) United Nations
B) League of Nations
C) European Union
D) Warsaw Pact
Correct Answer
B) League of Nations
Which treaty was the most significant peace agreement concluding World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany?
Options
A) Treaty of Paris
B) Treaty of Versailles
C) Treaty of London
D) Treaty of Ghent
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Versailles
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the 'war guilt clause', held Germany responsible for World War I?
Options
A) Article 10
B) Article 48
C) Article 231
D) Article 232
Correct Answer
C) Article 231
What term describes the payments imposed on Germany to compensate for wartime damages?
Options
A) Subsidies
B) Tariffs
C) Reparations
D) Loans
Correct Answer
C) Reparations
Which 1924 plan was designed to reduce German reparations and stabilize the economy through US loans?
Options
A) Marshall Plan
B) Dawes Plan
C) Young Plan
D) Schlieffen Plan
Correct Answer
B) Dawes Plan
Which series of agreements in 1925 guaranteed the borders of Western Europe and aimed to promote cooperation?
Options
A) Munich Pact
B) Locarno Treaties
C) Treaty of Rome
D) Yalta Conference
Correct Answer
B) Locarno Treaties
What was the main purpose of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Options
A) To establish a new gold standard
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
C) To form a military alliance against Russia
D) To divide colonial territories
Correct Answer
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
Which 1918 treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War I and resulted in significant territorial losses?
Options
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Neuilly
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What principle states that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and international status?
Options
A) Imperialism
B) Self-determination
C) Totalitarianism
D) Isolationism
Correct Answer
B) Self-determination
Which industrial region's fate was determined by a plebiscite and League of Nations arbitration in 1921?
Options
A) Rhineland
B) Upper Silesia
C) Sudetenland
D) Danzig
Correct Answer
B) Upper Silesia
Which international organization was established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries?
Options
A) United Nations
B) League of Nations
C) European Union
D) Warsaw Pact
Correct Answer
B) League of Nations
Which treaty was the most significant peace agreement concluding World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany?
Options
A) Treaty of Paris
B) Treaty of Versailles
C) Treaty of London
D) Treaty of Ghent
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Versailles
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the 'war guilt clause', held Germany responsible for World War I?
Options
A) Article 10
B) Article 48
C) Article 231
D) Article 232
Correct Answer
C) Article 231
What term describes the payments imposed on Germany to compensate for wartime damages?
Options
A) Subsidies
B) Tariffs
C) Reparations
D) Loans
Correct Answer
C) Reparations
Which 1924 plan was designed to reduce German reparations and stabilize the economy through US loans?
Options
A) Marshall Plan
B) Dawes Plan
C) Young Plan
D) Schlieffen Plan
Correct Answer
B) Dawes Plan
Which series of agreements in 1925 guaranteed the borders of Western Europe and aimed to promote cooperation?
Options
A) Munich Pact
B) Locarno Treaties
C) Treaty of Rome
D) Yalta Conference
Correct Answer
B) Locarno Treaties
What was the main purpose of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Options
A) To establish a new gold standard
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
C) To form a military alliance against Russia
D) To divide colonial territories
Correct Answer
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
Which 1918 treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War I and resulted in significant territorial losses?
Options
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Neuilly
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What principle states that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and international status?
Options
A) Imperialism
B) Self-determination
C) Totalitarianism
D) Isolationism
Correct Answer
B) Self-determination
Which industrial region's fate was determined by a plebiscite and League of Nations arbitration in 1921?
Options
A) Rhineland
B) Upper Silesia
C) Sudetenland
D) Danzig
Correct Answer
B) Upper Silesia
Which 1921 dispute over islands between Finland and Sweden was successfully settled by the League of Nations?
Options
A) Aaland Islands
B) Falkland Islands
C) Marshall Islands
D) Canary Islands
Correct Answer
A) Aaland Islands
Which treaty, signed in 1919, formally ended the war with Austria and forbade its union with Germany?
Options
A) Treaty of Saint-Germain
B) Treaty of Trianon
C) Treaty of Neuilly
D) Treaty of London
Correct Answer
A) Treaty of Saint-Germain
Which treaty dealt with Hungary after World War I, resulting in the loss of about two-thirds of its pre-war territory?
Options
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Saint-Germain
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Correct Answer
C) Treaty of Trianon
What crisis occurred in 1923 when French and Belgian troops occupied Germany's industrial heartland due to unpaid reparations?
Options
A) Rhineland Crisis
B) Ruhr Crisis
C) Sudetenland Crisis
D) Danzig Crisis
Correct Answer
B) Ruhr Crisis
Which 1923 incident involved the bombardment of a Greek island by Italy following the murder of an Italian general?
Options
A) Fiume Crisis
B) Corfu Incident
C) Abyssinia Crisis
D) Chanak Crisis
Correct Answer
B) Corfu Incident
Which treaty, signed in 1919, established peace with Bulgaria and required it to cede territory to Greece and Yugoslavia?
Options
A) Treaty of Neuilly
B) Treaty of Sèvres
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Versailles
Correct Answer
A) Treaty of Neuilly
Which 1931 crisis in East Asia involved Japan seizing territory from China, exposing the League's inability to stop aggression?
Options
A) Mukden Incident
B) Manchurian Crisis
C) Boxer Rebellion
D) Shantung Dispute
Correct Answer
B) Manchurian Crisis
Which defensive alliance was formed in 1920-1921 between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia to counter Hungarian revisions?
Options
A) Triple Alliance
B) Little Entente
C) Locarno Pact
D) Warsaw Pact
Correct Answer
B) Little Entente
Which city was the capital of Lithuania but occupied by Poland in 1920, representing a diplomatic failure for the League?
Options
A) Warsaw
B) Vilna
C) Riga
D) Danzig
Correct Answer
B) Vilna
Which 1922 pact saw Germany and Soviet Russia re-establish diplomatic relations and renounce all territorial and financial claims?
Options
A) Treaty of Rapallo
B) Locarno Treaties
C) Young Plan
D) Dawes Plan
Correct Answer
A) Treaty of Rapallo
Which international organization was established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries?
Options
A) United Nations
B) League of Nations
C) European Union
D) Warsaw Pact
Correct Answer
B) League of Nations
Which treaty was the most significant peace agreement concluding World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany?
Options
A) Treaty of Paris
B) Treaty of Versailles
C) Treaty of London
D) Treaty of Ghent
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Versailles
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the 'war guilt clause', held Germany responsible for World War I?
Options
A) Article 10
B) Article 48
C) Article 231
D) Article 232
Correct Answer
C) Article 231
What term describes the payments imposed on Germany to compensate for wartime damages?
Options
A) Subsidies
B) Tariffs
C) Reparations
D) Loans
Correct Answer
C) Reparations
Which 1924 plan was designed to reduce German reparations and stabilize the economy through US loans?
Options
A) Marshall Plan
B) Dawes Plan
C) Young Plan
D) Schlieffen Plan
Correct Answer
B) Dawes Plan
Which series of agreements in 1925 guaranteed the borders of Western Europe and aimed to promote cooperation?
Options
A) Munich Pact
B) Locarno Treaties
C) Treaty of Rome
D) Yalta Conference
Correct Answer
B) Locarno Treaties
What was the main purpose of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Options
A) To establish a new gold standard
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
C) To form a military alliance against Russia
D) To divide colonial territories
Correct Answer
B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
Which 1918 treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War I and resulted in significant territorial losses?
Options
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) Treaty of Trianon
D) Treaty of Neuilly
Correct Answer
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What principle states that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and international status?
Which industrial region's fate was determined by a plebiscite and League of Nations arbitration in 1921?
Which 1921 dispute over islands between Finland and Sweden was successfully settled by the League of Nations?
Which treaty, signed in 1919, formally ended the war with Austria and forbade its union with Germany?
Which treaty dealt with Hungary after World War I, resulting in the loss of about two-thirds of its pre-war territory?
What crisis occurred in 1923 when French and Belgian troops occupied Germany's industrial heartland due to unpaid reparations?
Which 1923 incident involved the bombardment of a Greek island by Italy following the murder of an Italian general?
Which treaty, signed in 1919, established peace with Bulgaria and required it to cede territory to Greece and Yugoslavia?
Which 1931 crisis in East Asia involved Japan seizing territory from China, exposing the League's inability to stop aggression?
Which defensive alliance was formed in 1920-1921 between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia to counter Hungarian revisions?
Which city was the capital of Lithuania but occupied by Poland in 1920, representing a diplomatic failure for the League?
Which 1922 pact saw Germany and Soviet Russia re-establish diplomatic relations and renounce all territorial and financial claims?
What was Georges Clemenceau’s primary demand for France during the Paris Peace Conference?
Which policy did the United States adopt after the Senate's rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations?
Options
A) Isolationism
B) Interventionism
C) Expansionism
D) Federalism
Correct Answer
A) Isolationism
What was the core tension between Britain and France regarding the treatment of post-war Germany?
Options
A) France wanted a strong German economy to boost trade, while Britain wanted to annex Berlin
B) Britain wanted a stable Germany for trade, while France wanted to keep Germany economically and militarily weak
C) Both countries disagreed on which nation should occupy the Rhineland permanently
D) France supported the German monarchy while Britain supported a republic
Correct Answer
B) Britain wanted a stable Germany for trade, while France wanted to keep Germany economically and militarily weak
Woodrow Wilson’s demand for 'self-determination' primarily applied to which of the following?
Options
A) The remaining territory of the United States
B) The ethnic groups of the former Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
C) All African colonies owned by the British Empire
D) South American trade routes
Correct Answer
B) The ethnic groups of the former Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
Which principle of the League of Nations was designed to ensure that an attack on one member was seen as an attack on all?
Options
A) Appeasement
B) Collective Security
C) Bilateralism
D) Sovereign Immunity
Correct Answer
B) Collective Security
What specific territorial demand did Vittorio Orlando of Italy make during the peace negotiations to fulfill 'Italia Irredenta'?
Japan’s demand for which clause to be included in the League's Covenant was rejected by the Big Three countries?
How did French policy toward Germany change following the failure of the Ruhr occupation in 1923?
Which region was demanded by France to be demilitarized as a permanent buffer zone to ensure national security?
What was David Lloyd George’s 'middle ground' demand regarding the punishment of Germany?
Options
A) Punishing Germany enough to satisfy the British public but not so much as to destroy it as a trade partner
B) Granting Germany all of its pre-war territory in exchange for an alliance
C) Allowing Germany to keep its navy while taking all its coal mines
D) Supporting a French invasion of Berlin in exchange for colonies
Correct Answer
A) Punishing Germany enough to satisfy the British public but not so much as to destroy it as a trade partner
Which international organization was established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries?
Options - A) United Nations - B) League of Nations - C) European Union - D) Warsaw Pact 2. Correct Answer - B) League of Nations
Which treaty was the most significant peace agreement concluding World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany?
Options - A) Treaty of Paris - B) Treaty of Versailles - C) Treaty of London - D) Treaty of Ghent 2. Correct Answer - B) Treaty of Versailles
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the 'war guilt clause', held Germany responsible for World War I?
Options - A) Article 10 - B) Article 48 - C) Article 231 - D) Article 232 2. Correct Answer - C) Article 231
What term describes the payments imposed on Germany to compensate for wartime damages?
Options - A) Subsidies - B) Tariffs - C) Reparations - D) Loans 2. Correct Answer - C) Reparations
Which 1924 plan was designed to reduce German reparations and stabilize the economy through US loans?
Options - A) Marshall Plan - B) Dawes Plan - C) Young Plan - D) Schlieffen Plan 2. Correct Answer - B) Dawes Plan
Which series of agreements in 1925 guaranteed the borders of Western Europe and aimed to promote cooperation?
Options - A) Munich Pact - B) Locarno Treaties - C) Treaty of Rome - D) Yalta Conference 2. Correct Answer - B) Locarno Treaties
What was the main purpose of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Options - A) To establish a new gold standard - B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes - C) To form a military alliance against Russia - D) To divide colonial territories 2. Correct Answer - B) To condemn war as a method of resolving disputes
Which 1918 treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War I and resulted in significant territorial losses?
Options - A) Treaty of Versailles - B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - C) Treaty of Trianon - D) Treaty of Neuilly 2. Correct Answer - B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What principle states that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and international status?
Options - A) Imperialism - B) Self-determination - C) Totalitarianism - D) Isolationism 2. Correct Answer - B) Self-determination
Which industrial region's fate was determined by a plebiscite and League of Nations arbitration in 1921?
Options - A) Rhineland - B) Upper Silesia - C) Sudetenland - D) Danzig 2. Correct Answer - B) Upper Silesia
Which 1921 dispute over islands between Finland and Sweden was successfully settled by the League of Nations?
Options - A) Aaland Islands - B) Falkland Islands - C) Marshall Islands - D) Canary Islands 2. Correct Answer - A) Aaland Islands
Which treaty, signed in 1919, formally ended the war with Austria and forbade its union with Germany?
Options - A) Treaty of Saint-Germain - B) Treaty of Trianon - C) Treaty of Neuilly - D) Treaty of London 2. Correct Answer - A) Treaty of Saint-Germain
Which treaty dealt with Hungary after World War I, resulting in the loss of about two-thirds of its pre-war territory?
Options - A) Treaty of Versailles - B) Treaty of Saint-Germain - C) Treaty of Trianon - D) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 2. Correct Answer - C) Treaty of Trianon
What crisis occurred in 1923 when French and Belgian troops occupied Germany's industrial heartland due to unpaid reparations?
Options - A) Rhineland Crisis - B) Ruhr Crisis - C) Sudetenland Crisis - D) Danzig Crisis 2. Correct Answer - B) Ruhr Crisis
Which 1923 incident involved the bombardment of a Greek island by Italy following the murder of an Italian general?
Options - A) Fiume Crisis - B) Corfu Incident - C) Abyssinia Crisis - D) Chanak Crisis 2. Correct Answer - B) Corfu Incident
Which treaty, signed in 1919, established peace with Bulgaria and required it to cede territory to Greece and Yugoslavia?
Options - A) Treaty of Neuilly - B) Treaty of Sèvres - C) Treaty of Trianon - D) Treaty of Versailles 2. Correct Answer - A) Treaty of Neuilly
Which 1931 crisis in East Asia involved Japan seizing territory from China, exposing the League's inability to stop aggression?
Options - A) Mukden Incident - B) Manchurian Crisis - C) Boxer Rebellion - D) Shantung Dispute 2. Correct Answer - B) Manchurian Crisis
Which defensive alliance was formed in 1920-1921 between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia to counter Hungarian revisions?
Options - A) Triple Alliance - B) Little Entente - C) Locarno Pact - D) Warsaw Pact 2. Correct Answer - B) Little Entente
Which city was the capital of Lithuania but occupied by Poland in 1920, representing a diplomatic failure for the League?
Options - A) Warsaw - B) Vilna - C) Riga - D) Danzig 2. Correct Answer - B) Vilna
Which 1922 pact saw Germany and Soviet Russia re-establish diplomatic relations and renounce all territorial and financial claims?
Options - A) Treaty of Rapallo - B) Locarno Treaties - C) Young Plan - D) Dawes Plan 2. Correct Answer - A) Treaty of Rapallo
What was Georges Clemenceau’s primary demand for France during the Paris Peace Conference?
Options - A) Economic reintegration of Germany into Europe - B) Expansion of French colonies in Southeast Asia - C) Guarantee of French security and the weakening of Germany - D) The abolition of all European monarchies 2. Correct Answer - C) Guarantee of French security and the weakening of Germany
Which policy did the United States adopt after the Senate's rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations?
Options - A) Isolationism - B) Interventionism - C) Expansionism - D) Federalism 2. Correct Answer - A) Isolationism
What was the core tension between Britain and France regarding the treatment of post-war Germany?
Options - A) France wanted a strong German economy to boost trade, while Britain wanted to annex Berlin - B) Britain wanted a stable Germany for trade, while France wanted to keep Germany economically and militarily weak - C) Both countries disagreed on which nation should occupy the Rhineland permanently - D) France supported the German monarchy while Britain supported a republic 2. Correct Answer - B) Britain wanted a stable Germany for trade, while France wanted to keep Germany economically and militarily weak
Woodrow Wilson’s demand for 'self-determination' primarily applied to which of the following?
Options - A) The remaining territory of the United States - B) The ethnic groups of the former Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires - C) All African colonies owned by the British Empire - D) South American trade routes 2. Correct Answer - B) The ethnic groups of the former Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
Which principle of the League of Nations was designed to ensure that an attack on one member was seen as an attack on all?
Options - A) Appeasement - B) Collective Security - C) Bilateralism - D) Sovereign Immunity 2. Correct Answer - B) Collective Security
What specific territorial demand did Vittorio Orlando of Italy make during the peace negotiations to fulfill 'Italia Irredenta'?
Options - A) Control of the Dardanelles - B) The Port of Fiume and Trentino - C) The entire North African coast - D) Ownership of the Ruhr valley 2. Correct Answer - B) The Port of Fiume and Trentino
Japan’s demand for which clause to be included in the League's Covenant was rejected by the Big Three countries?
Options - A) The Naval Expansion Clause - B) The Racial Equality Clause - C) The Free Trade Clause - D) The Anti-Bolshevik Clause 2. Correct Answer - B) The Racial Equality Clause
How did French policy toward Germany change following the failure of the Ruhr occupation in 1923?
Options - A) France escalated to total conventional war - B) France shifted toward a policy of conciliation and economic cooperation (Locarno Treaty period) - C) France immediately signed a mutual defense pact with Germany - D) France completely withdrew from the League of Nations 2. Correct Answer - B) France shifted toward a policy of conciliation and economic cooperation (Locarno Treaty period)
Which region was demanded by France to be demilitarized as a permanent buffer zone to ensure national security?
Options - A) The Sudetenland - B) The Rhineland - C) The Saar Basin - D) East Prussia 2. Correct Answer - B) The Rhineland
What was David Lloyd George’s 'middle ground' demand regarding the punishment of Germany?
Options - A) Punishing Germany enough to satisfy the British public but not so much as to destroy it as a trade partner - B) Granting Germany all of its pre-war territory in exchange for an alliance - C) Allowing Germany to keep its navy while taking all its coal mines - D) Supporting a French invasion of Berlin in exchange for colonies 2. Correct Answer - A) Punishing Germany enough to satisfy the British public but not so much as to destroy it as a trade partner
Which German Foreign Minister was responsible for the policy of 'Fulfillment' and improving international relations between 1923 and 1929?
Options - A) Friedrich Ebert - B) Gustav Stresemann - C) Paul von Hindenburg - D) Walther Rathenau 2. Correct Answer - B) Gustav Stresemann
Who was the French Foreign Minister who advocated for collective security and co-authored a famous 1928 pact to outlaw war?
Options - A) Georges Clemenceau - B) Aristide Briand - C) Raymond Poincaré - D) Léon Blum 2. Correct Answer - B) Aristide Briand
Which leader took control of Italy in 1922, shifting its policy toward aggressive nationalism and revision of the peace treaties?
Options - A) Vittorio Orlando - B) Benito Mussolini - C) Giacomo Matteotti - D) Victor Emmanuel III 2. Correct Answer - B) Benito Mussolini
Which British Prime Minister served during the mid-1920s (1924-1929) and supported the stabilization of Europe through the Locarno Treaties?
Options - A) Winston Churchill - B) Stanley Baldwin - C) Neville Chamberlain - D) Ramsay MacDonald 2. Correct Answer - B) Stanley Baldwin
Who was the first Labour Prime Minister of Britain, briefly in 1924, who helped facilitate the Dawes Plan?
Options - A) Stanley Baldwin - B) Ramsay MacDonald - C) Clement Attlee - D) David Lloyd George 2. Correct Answer - B) Ramsay MacDonald
Which U.S. President served from 1923 to 1929, maintaining a policy of isolationism while overseeing significant private investment in Europe?
Options - A) Warren G. Harding - B) Calvin Coolidge - C) Herbert Hoover - D) Franklin D. Roosevelt 2. Correct Answer - B) Calvin Coolidge