Cold War

people leaving from east Germany to west Germany

what was Berlin crisis

brain drain

what did Berlin crisis cause

1958

when was the Berlin ultimatum issued

1959

when was Geneva conference

Khrushchev and eisenhower

which leaders part of Geneva conference

to meet again in America

what was decided at Geneva conference

1959

when was camp David

khruschev and eisenhower

which leaders went to camp David

Berlin ultimatum was revoked and decided to meet again

what was decided at camp David

1960

when was Paris summit

Khrushchev was angry because there was an American u2 spy plane so he shot it down. Eisenhower said it was a weather plane

what happened at the Paris summit

1961

when was Vienna conference

Khrushchev and Kennedy

which leaders where at Vienna conference

Berlin Ultimatum

what policy was back at Vienna

august 13 1961

when was the Berlin Wall built

increased

how did Berlin Wall affect divisions

decreased

how did Berlin Wall affect tensions

1985

when did Gorbachev come into power

perestroika and glasnost

what were gorbackevs 2 policies

restructuring

what is perestroika

openess

what is glasnost

Brezhnev doctrine

which doctrine did Gorbachev abandon

Warsaw Pact countries could decide own government

what is the Sinatra doctrine

thatcher and reagen

who was willing to work with Gorbachev

6 between 1985 and 1989

how many summit meetings did Gorbachev and Reagan have

to limit forces and weapons and eliminate some policies

what did the Gorbachev-reagen summit meetings decide

christmas 1991

when did the soviet union become dissolved

improved

how did the end of the Cold War change relations

decreased

how did the end of Cold War affect divisions

decreased

how did end of Cold War affect tensions

stalin, roosevelt, Churchill

who were in the big three?

November 1943

when was the tehran conference?

to help him fight Japan

what did Stalin promise Roosevelt at tehran?

land from the polish border

what did Stalin want from tehran?

February 1945

when was yalta?

split into four zones run by soviets, usa, Britain, and france. same with Berlin

what did they decide to do with Germany at Yalta?

they would have free elections

what did they decide to do with liberated countries at yalta?

moved westward

what was decided about polish borders at yalta?

Nuremberg

what trials were decided against war criminals in yalta?

July 1945

when was Potsdam?

stalin, truman, Attlee

who was at potsdam?

very anti

what was Trumans position on communism?

germany to pay strict reparations due to 20 million soviet deaths

what did Stalin want from Potsdam?

Germany would pay reparations to ussr and Poland

what was decided at Potsdam relating to reparations?

have free elections but be in soviet sphere of influence

what was decided about Eastern Europe in Potsdam?

usa successfully tested atomic bomb

what happened the day before Potsdam?

believe it will anger germans and cause another war

why did Truman not like harsh reparations for Germany?

decreased

what did tehran and yalta do for tensions and divisions?

increased

what did Potsdam do for tensions and divisions?

1946

when was Churchills iron curtain speech?

increased tensions and divisions

what did Churchills iron curtain speech do?

long and novikok

what were the two telegrams in 1946?

us ambassador in Moscow

who was the long telegram from?

ussr ambassador in usa

who was the novikok telegram from?

other country has no respect and wants to destroy them

what did the long + novikok telegrams both say?

increased tensions and divisions

what did the long and novikok telegrams do?

rigged elections

how did Stalin take over Eastern Europe?

communist country that wasn’t under Stalins control

what was Yugoslavia?

1947

when was the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?

war meant lots of country in debts and might turn to communism. prevent Stalin takeover of Western Europe

why were Truman doctrine + Marshall aid set up?

containment

what policy did Truman doctrine and Marshall aid enforce?

money, political support, and equipment to countries that wont go communist

what was the Truman doctrine?

$17 billion to Western European countries

what was Marshall aid?

britain

which county received most of Marshall aid?

too expensive and too much involvement

why was the us congress reluctant to pass Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?

in 1948, when non communist minister of Czechoslovakia was murdered

what convinced us congress to allow the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?

Stalin saw it as a bribe and a way to make countries dependent on the us

why did Truman doctrine and Marshall aid increase tensions?

west was rebuilding so clear division in wealth

why did Truman doctrine and Marshall aid increase divisions?

comecon

what did Stalin do in response to the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?

June 1849 to may 1949

when was the Berlin blockade?

to stop marshall aid and because Britain, france and usa joined their sectors to from triennia in 1947

why did Stalin do the Berlin blockade?

rail and canal links into West Berlin

what did Stalin block?

USA bringing equipment and money in via planes. 1 plane every 90 seconds that brought 20 million tonnes

what was operation vittles?

formal separation of west (FRG) and east (GDR) Germany

what was a consequence of the Berlin blockade?

NATO in 1949

what did the US set up because of Berlin blockade?

Warsaw Pact in 1955

what did the USSR set up because of NATO?

1949

when did USSR test its first nuclear bomb?

USA and USSR competing to have the biggest and most powerful bombs

what was the arms race?

mutually assured destruction

what theory did the arms race produce?

that they could both wipe each other out if one attacks

what was mutually assured destruction?

the space race

what was another thing that they did similar to the arms race?

increased tension and division

what were consequences of arms race and space race?

1956

when was the Hungarian uprising?

they had no freedom of speech, soviet troops and they had to learn Russian

why were Hungarians upset with the communist goverment?

Khrushchevs speech on destalinisation

what made the Hungarians feel better about speaking out?

rakosis regimes

what did they Hungarians protest?

made imre nagy the head of the government

what did the soviets do in response to these protests in Hungary?

free elections, removed soviet troops, private ownership of land, and leave the Warsaw Pact

what did Imre nagy do?

sent thousands of soviet tanks and soldiers into Hungary

what did Khrushchev do in response to nagys reforms?

26000 arrested and executed

what happened to the Hungarian protesters?

arrested and executed

what happened to nagy?

nothing as they didn’t want to start a war

what did NATO do about the Hungarian uprising and why?

were disgusted and gave aid money to Hungarian refugees

what did the UN say about the Hungarian uprising?

for 18 hours soviet and US tanks pointed at each other

what happened at checkpoint Charlie due to the Berlin Wall?

27th October 1961

when was the flashpoint at checkpoint Charlie?

I am a Berliner and he described Berlin as a symbol of freedom and the struggle against communism

what speech did Kennedy make in Berlin?

fidel castro

who took over Cuba in 1959?

Eisenhower refused to speak to him and Khrushchev had offered him friendship

why did Fidel Castro turn to Communism?

nationalised all American owned companies and refused to pay compensation

what did Castro do that upset the US?

imposed trade embargos on cuban goods

what did the us do to Cuba?