Studied by 5 people
Active Volcano
currently erupting or showing sins of unrest
Dormant Volcano
are considered active volcanoes because they have erupted since the last ice age but currently not erupting
Effusive Eruption
a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out of a volcano onto the ground
Eruption
a volcano becomes active and ejects lava, ash, and gases
Explosive Eruption
where cooler more viscous magmas, like andesite reach the surface
Extinct Volcano
volcanoes that are not expected to erupt in the future
Lahar
a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano
Magma Chamber
a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth
Pyroclastic Flow
a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lave fragments, and gases eject explosively from a volcano, typically flowing downslope at great speed
Tephra
rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
Viscosity
the ability of a liquid to resist flowing.
higher silica (felsic) = higher ... they tend to stay below the surface or erupt explosively.
lower silica (mafic) = lower ... they are fluid and runny, they normally reach the surface
Caldera
a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano
Cinder Cone
a cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions
Composite Volcano
large volcanoes (thousands of feet) generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits and mudflow (lahar) deposits, and lava domes, they are active for a long time (100,000 years) and erupt periodically
Shield Volcano
a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides characteristic of the eruption of fluid basaltic lava
Supervolcano
an unusually large volcano having the potential to produce an eruption with major effects on the global climate and ecosystem
Geyser
a hot spring in which water intermittently boils sending a tall column of water and steam into the air
Hot Spring
a spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity
Lava Dome
a mound of viscous lava which has been extruded from volcanic event
Lava Plateau
landforms created by volcanic activity
A'a Lava
forms a thick and brittle crust that is torn into rough and jagged pieces, it can spread over large areas as the lava continues to flow underneath the crust's surface, it is more viscous (thicker and rough)
Pāhoehoe Lava
forms lava tubes where fluid lava flows through the outer cooled rock crust, it is less viscous, the surface is smooth and ropy
Pillow Lava
mafic lava that erupts underwater, it cools very quickly and forms spherical rocks, it is common at mid-ocean ridges
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