NANOTECHNOLOGY

1 to 100 billionths of a meter.

nanoscale

is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research

and development activity that has been growing explosively worldwide in the past few years.

nanostructure science and technology

The prefix “____” denotes sizes of the order of one billionth of a meter.

nano

Nano materials denote “_________.”

divided matter

typical size range that defines the nanoscale in nanotechnology?

1-50nm (10-500 Ao)

• refers to the scientific study of materials of nanometer size, i.e., one

  billionth of a meter

• It is a combination of developments in solid state chemistry, synthetic chemistry, molecular biology, solid state physics and engineering, and scanning tunneling microscopy.

nanoscience

refers to various technologies to produce materials of extra high

precision and dimensions on the scale of one-billionth of a meter.

nanotechnology

who coined the term “nanotechnology”

Norlo Taniguchi (1974)

is an example of dichroic glass;

Lycurgus Cup n

Nanoparticles of ________ (lead sulfide) were formed in hair dyeing process

galenite

Ancient civilization used nanoparticles of galenite for hair dyeing

Egyptians (greece)

Significant invention by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

scanning tunneling microscope

What discovery at Bell labs in 1947 laid thr foundation for the information age

semiconductor transistor

Are chemical substances or materials that are manufactured and used at a very small scale

nanomaterials

true or false: A nanometer is a billionth of a meter (10⁹⁾

flase, shoudl be 10^-9

Arthur von Hippel at MIT introduced many concepts of—and coined the term—

“_______________” as applied to dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and piezoelectrics.

molecular engineering

_________ of Texas Instruments originated the concept of, designed, and built the

first integrated circuit, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 2000.

Jack Kilby

Sumio Iijima of NEC is credited with discovering the ____________ (CNT).

carbon nanotube

____________ and colleagues at MIT built a lithium-ion battery with a common

type of virus that is nonharmful to humans, using a low-cost and environmentally benign

process.

Angela Belcher

James Tour and colleagues at Rice University built a ____________ made of oligo

(phenylene ethynylene) with alkynyl axles and four spherical C60 fullerene (buckyball)

wheels.

nanoscale car

Use of nanomachines for site-specific delivery of drugs, and useful in

chemotherapy of targeted cancer cells.

cell pharmacology

Use of medical nanomachines to manipulate cellular structures in genetic

engineering.

cell surgery

Use of atomically precise molecular parts for molecular switches,

circuits and nanocells for creating miniaturized nano computers.

molecular electronics

Useful for imaging conducting surfaces.

scanning tunneling microscopy

Formed by combining two or more molecules of inorganic substances, i.e.,

silica and aluminum to form commercial grade heat and rust resistant coatings.

nanocrytals

Carbon atom aggregates in various forms at nanoscale, for example in the shape

of cylinders which are electrical conductors, can be mixed with special polymers to make

nanofibers and painted on rooftops as part of solar cells.

Nanotubes

• Size and arrangement of nanocrystals impact physical properties such as color (Carraher, Jr., 1994c).

• For example, nanogold appears orange (<1nm) or red (3- 30nm) depending on the size and arrangement of gold aggregates.

quantum dots

use of nanowires to ultrafast ICT with small power consumption

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and semiconductors

dye sensitized- based solar cells (DSSC) is low-cost solar cell belonging to

the group of thin solar cells.

Solae cells

facilitate gene transformation and expression of animal and plant cells.

agriculture

biodegradable food packaging

food

water purification by nanofilters for treating heavy metal contaminated water.

environment

• Nanomembranes for water purification, desalination and detoxification

• Nanosensors for the detection of contaminants and pathogens

• Nanoporous zeolites, nanoporous, polymers and attapulgite clays for water purification

• TiO2 nanoparticles for the catalytic degradation of pollutants

Water treatment and purification

• Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Abatement of Environmental

Pollutants (Li, Elliott, and Zhang, 2006)

• Nanoscale iron particles (Zhang, 2003)

Environmental remediation

• Starch based-nano composites

• Cellulose based-nano composites

• Protein based nano- composites

Green Nano composites