CI 3RD QUARTER: GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

Graft

Means the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means, especially through the abuse of his position or influence in politics, business, etc.

Corruption

Includes bribery, extortion, fraud, cartels, abuse of power, embezzlement, and money laundering.

Bribery

As the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or legal duty

Grand Corruption

The abuse of high-level power that benefits the few at the expense of the many, and causes serious and widespread harm to individuals and society. It often goes unpunished.

Petty Corruption

Everyday abuse of entrusted power by public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens, who often are trying to access basic goods or services in places like hospitals, schools, police departments and other agencies.

RA 3019

Approved on August 17, 1960 to deter public officials and employees from committing acts of dishonesty and improve tone of morality in public service

RA 1379

An act declaring forfeiture in favor of the state any property found to have been unlawfully acquired by any public officer or employee and providing for the proceedings therefor.

Direct Bribery

Involves a public officer accepting a gift, promise, or present in exchange for performing or refraining from performing an official act

Indirect Bribery

Takes place when someone pays a bribe via a third party.

Qualified Bribery

Committed by a public officer entrusted with law enforcement, who refrains from arresting or prosecuting an offender who has committed a crime punishable by reclusion perpetua (imprisonment of 20 years to 40 years) and/or death, in consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present.

Crime of Plunder

1(d) hereof in the aggregate amount or total value of at least Fifty million pesos (P50,000,000.00) shall be guilty of the crime of plunder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death.

Common Examples of Graft and Corruption

• Influence peddling

• Offering or receiving improper gift

• To avoid tax liability

• In support of fund

• Avoid criminal liability

• In support of unfair competition

• Embezzlement, theft, and fraud

• Abuse of discretion

• Favoritism, nepotism, and clientelism

• Improper political contribution

CPI

It shows perception of people regarding corruption in the government

Sandiganbayan

Which court handles cases of graft and corruption in the Philippines if an official has a salary grade of 21 and above?

Ombudsman

An official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against a company or organization, especially a public authority