P1 Energy

What is the unit for energy?

Joules, J

What are eight ways that energy can be stored?

chemical

elastic potential

electrostatic

gravitational potential

kinetic

nuclear

magnetic

thermal

What are four ways that energy can be transferred?

Mechanically

by heating

by radiation

electrically

Thermal: Is this an example of a store or a transfer?

Store

Heating: Is this an example of a store or a transfer?

Transfer

Electrically: Is this an example of a store or a transfer?

Transfer

Electrostatic: Is this an example of a store or a transfer?

Store

What type of energy is stored in moving objects?

Kinetic

What type of energy is stored in objects that have been stretched or squashed?

Elastic

What type of energy is stored in objects that have been lifted above ground?

Gravitational potential

What type of energy is stored in batteries, food and drink?

Chemical

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

mass x height x gravitational field strength

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

0.5 x mass x velocity²

What is the correct unit for mass?

Kilograms, kg

What is the correct unit for extension or height?

Metres, m

What is the conservation of energy law?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred usefully, stored or dissipated

What is a closed system?

A collection of objects where neither energy nor matter can leave

What is the equation for power? (2)

energy transferred / time
work done / time

What is the definition of power?

The rate of energy transfer or work done

What is the unit for power?

Watts, W

What are the two ways to calculate efficiency?

useful energy output / total energy input

useful power output / total power input

Can devices be 100 % efficient?

No. Energy is always wasted

What is specific heat capacity?

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius

What are the main energy resources available for use on Earth? (7)

biofuel

fossil fuels (coal,oil)

geothermal

hydroelectric (waves and tides)

nuclear fuel

solar

wind

What is the definition for a renewable resource?

Resources that can be replenished as they are used up

What is the definition for a non-renewable resource?

Resources that cannot be replenished as they are used up

Which energy resources are non-renewable?

Fossil fuels and nuclear fuels

Nuclear: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Non-renewable

Fossil fuels: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Non-renewable

Hydroelectric power: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Renewable

Solar: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Renewable

Wind: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Renewable

Geothermal: Is this an example of a renewable or non-renewable resource?

Renewable

Which energy resource generates the most power?

Nuclear fuels

Which energy resources are unreliable due to weather?

Wind and solar

Which non-renewable energy resource produces carbon dioxide?

Fossil fuels

What environmental issues are caused by fossil fuels?

Produces CO2 which enhances the greenhouse effect

What environmental issues are caused by biofuels?

Produce CO₂ when burnt (but this can be off-set by planting more)

What environmental issues are caused by hydroelectric power?

Reservoirs require the flooding of large areas of land

What environmental issues are caused by solar power?

They cover large areas of green space, preventing crops  from growing there

What environmental issues are caused by wind and tidal power generators?

Can affect the habitats they are in

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

0.5 x spring constant x extension²

What is the equation for change in thermal energy?

mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change