Linguistics

What type of class do lexical words belong to?

open class

What functions do function words serve in a sentence?

carry structural meaning

What is the function of 'however'?

adverb and conjunction

What is an example of a polysomic word?

set

In terms of sentence structure, what is crucial for L2 learners?

distinguishing lexical from function words

Which clitic is typically used in Polish to express reflexivity?

się

What are the functions of of 'that'?

pronoun, conjunction, adjective

What is the role of adverbial clauses?

to express conditions

What does 'although' introduce?

contrast

What characteristic do closed class words have?

they have a fixed set

What can you infer about the degree of schematicity in Polish reflexives compared to English?

Polish is more schematic

What type of clause is 'if'?

complement clause

What is the Polish reflexive pronoun for the accusative/genitive case?

siebie

How do L1 users differ from L2 learners regarding function word roles?

L2 learners use less function words

What are reflexive forms in English typically formed using?

possessive + 'self'

How do Polish reflexives differ from English in terms of structure?

Polish reflexives are often verb-attached

What does corrective feedback (CF) aim to do?

Highlight learners' errors

What can affect the effectiveness of corrective feedback according to the study?

Task measurement

What is the main characteristic of doublespeak?

It obscures reality without outright lying

Which of the following is an effect of language on thought?

Determining moral judgments

What does dysphemism aim to achieve?

To make a positive reality appear negative

Why is it important to distinguish between euphemism and doublespeak?

Doublespeak is often manipulative and deceptive

What aspect of language does the recast inherently focus on?

Meaning

What is the primary purpose of euphemism?

To make an negative reality more acceptable

Which hypothesis claims that noticing errors is crucial for learning?

Noticing Hypothesis

What key factor was identified as important in the study's findings on recasts?

Frequency