Bloodstain Pattern Analysis- FINALS L12

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14 Terms

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BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS (BPA)

Is the analysis and interpretation of the dispersion, shape characteristics, volume, pattern, number, and relationship of bloodstains at a crime scene to reconstruct a process of events.

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PASSIVE BLOOD STAIN

  • Clots

  • Drops

  • Flows

  • Pooling

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TRANSFER BLOODSTAINS

  • Wipes

  • Swipes

  • Pattern transfers

  • General contact bloodstains

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PROJECTED OR IMPACT BLOODSTAINS

  • Spatters

  • Splashes

  • Cast-off stains

  • Arterial spurts or gushes

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WIPE STAIN

Created when an object moves through a pre existing bloodstain (ex: clean rag moved through a pool of blood).

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SWIPE STAIN

Transfer of blood onto a target by a moving object that is itself bloodstained (ex: bloodied rag being moved through unstained floor)

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SPATTER

Technical term describing stains resulting from blood hitting a target.

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FORWARD SPATTER

Blood droplets projected away from item

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BACK SPATTER

Blood droplets being projected toward the item

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CAST- OFF STAIN

Blood being flung or projected from a bloody object in motion or one that stops suddenly

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ARTERIAL SPURTS/ GUSHES

Occurs when an artery is breached while the heart is pumping; produces zigzag, up and down pattern

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VOIDS

An indicator that some secondary object came between a blood spatter and the final target; leaves an outline or “shadow” on the final target

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POINT-OF-ORIGIN

  • “Whenever the direction of a bloodstain can be determined, it can be expected to have originated at a point somewhere along that line.”

  • Can demonstrate a convergence of lines (paths), indicating point of origin

  • Presumptive serological tests can be employed to discover if the stain in question is truly blood

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DOCUMENTATION

  • “Document the entire scene as discovered, including “establishing” photographs.

  • Photograph pattern transfers, pools, and other fragile patterns first.

  • Document patterns with “establishing” photographs that show the pattern’s relationship to landmarks or other items of evidence.

  • Take macro and close-up photographs; include a scale in every photograph.

  • When reconstructing point-of-origin, document individual stains used in the reconstruction