Homeostasis

Homeostasis

regulation of chemical changes of internal and external factors

Positive feedback

response to stimulus to increase effect made

Negative feedback

stimulus resulting in external or internal change in environment that triggers response to compensate for change

Set points

ideal value

Internal model

extracellular fluid

Central nervous system parts

brain and spinal cord

spinal cord extends from base of brain to backbone

grey matter

cross section of spinal cord

consists of dendrites and neurons

surrounded by white matter

white matter

tissue of brain and spinal cord

Frontal lobe

general motor association

planning, personalty

language (Broca’s area)

Parietal lobe

general sensory association area

somatosensory area

Temporal lobe

auditory association

facial recognition

smell

Occipital lobe

visual association area

primary visual cortex

thalamus

the brain region that interprets sensory input and signals the cerebrum

blood-brain barrier

a barrier formed by

tight junctions between endothelial cells

in the capillaries in the brain that blocks

the movement of most substances into the

brain via the bloodstream

synapse

a functional connection between

neurons or between neurons and effectors

neurotransmitter

a chemical that is

released from vesicles into synapses to

facilitate nerve signal transmission

synaptic cleft

the tiny gap between

presynaptic and postsynaptic cells in

a chemical synapse, across which the

neurotransmitter diffuse

action potential

the voltage difference

across a nerve cell membrane when the

nerve is excited

Rods

night + peripheral vision

detect low light intensities

photoreceptor in retina

Cones

detection of wavelengths

photoreceptor in retina

retina

converts light → electrical signal

Cornea

focuses light entering eye

Iris

controls amount of light

lens

focuses light on retina

optic nerve

relay visuals to brain

sclera

protects the internal structure of eye

cilliary muscle

controls shape of lens

focuses on object at different distances