ARPLANN 3_Topic #7: Overview of Urban and Regional Planning Theories and Issues, Implication to Architectural Practice

William Christaller’s 1933 / Central Place Theory

The range of good and threshold population of retail shops and service establishments are

the major influences in explaining the number, size and distribution patterns of settlements.

A. Weber 1929 / Least Cost Theory of Industrial Location

Factory or plant locates where transport and labor costs are at a minimum, determined by

cost of distance vs. weight of raw materials, cost of labor, agglomeration and

deglomeration.

W. Alonso’s 1964 / Theory of Land Rent : The Bid-Rent Function

The price of land and demand for land changes according to the distance from the center

(CBD). The center commands the highest value of land because of its proximity to

business establishments and support services as well as the market.

Hoyt Sector Model

Based on the mapping of eight, contrasting housing variables.

 developed from Burgess’s use of simple concentric ring, to include wedges and sectors of

land use.

 Hoyt suggested that the areas of highest value were concentrated along the main lines of

communication, causing the city to develop in a series of wedges.

 Hoyt claimed that once an area developed with a distinctive land use it tends to retain that

function as the city grew outwards

Multiple- Nuclei Model

Geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Lillman developed the multiple –nuclei model in

the 1940’s.

 Suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers, or nodes.

 The characteristics of each nodes either attracted or repelled certain types of activities,

resulted to the existence of patchwork of land uses with its own center or nucleus

 The CBD and related functions continued to exist but were joined by smaller business

district that emerge in the suburbs.

 Zone of Industry could be in a variety of location, including the traditional CBD or port, or it

could move outlying locations near an airport or other transportation junction

 Industrial zone would attract related Industries and an area of higher density housing. A

university or business park might attract nearby restaurants, theater, and other amenities.

As a result people might create a district of students housing or high quality homes.