Studied by 1 person
Glycogen
________- used by animal cells to store energy and is broken down to release glucose when you need energy.
Hydrolysis
________- the breakdown of polymers by adding water to them.
Cellulose
________- the most abundant organic compound on Earth; forms cable- like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells and can not be broken by any enzyme produced by animals.
Cholesterol
________- a key component of cell membranes and the "base steroid "from which your body produces other steroids, such as estrogen and testosterone.
Polysaccharides
________- complex carbohydrates and are made of long chains of sugars- polymers of.
Isomers
________- molecules that have the same molecular formula but different.
Hydrophobic
________ (lipids)- unable to mix with water.
Monomers
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Starch
________- consists of long strings of glucose monomers and is used by plant cells to store energy.
Fat
________ (triglyceride)- a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules via a.
Hydrophilic
________ " (water- loving)- "molecules that dissolve easily in water.
RNA
________- sugar is ribose; has an uracil base instead of thymine; single stranded.
Proteins
________- polymers of amino acid monomers, account for more than 50 % of the dry weight of most cells, and are instrumental in almost everything cells do.
Monosaccharides
________- the monomers of carbohydrates and can not be broken down into smaller sugars.
Dehydration reaction
________- links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water.
Gene
________- a unit of inheritance encoded in a specific stretch of D N A that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
Disaccharide
________- constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
Polypeptides
________- long chains of amino acids.
Macromolecules
________- large molecules; carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
DNA
________- sugar is deoxyribose; double stranded.
Polymers
________- macromolecules made by stringing together many smaller molecules called.
Nucleotides
________- a monomer in nucleic acids.
Peptide bonds
________- Cells link amino acids together by dehydration.
Functional groups
________- the groups of atoms directly.
Double helix
________- A molecule of cellular D N A that is double- stranded.
Hydrogenation
________- adds hydrogen, converts unsaturated fats to saturated fats, makes liquid fats solid at room temperature, and creates trans fats.
Amino acid
________- consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners.
Carbohydrates
________- sugars and polymers of sugar.
Organic compounds
carbon-based molecules
functional groups
the groups of atoms directly involved in chemical reactions
macromolecules
large molecules; carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
monomers
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
polymers
macromolecules made by stringing together monomers
dehydration reaction
links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water
hydrolysis
the breakdown of polymers by adding water to them
4 large biological molecules in living things
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
sugars and polymers of sugar
Monosaccharides
the monomers of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into smaller sugars
isomers
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structure
disaccharide
constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharides
complex carbohydrates and are made of long chains of sugars; polymers of monosaccharides
Starch
consists of long strings of glucose monomers and is used by plant cells to store energy
Glycogen
used by animal cells to store energy and is broken down to release glucose when you need energy
Cellulose
the most abundant organic compound on Earth; forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells and cannot be broken by any enzyme produced by animals
hydrophilic ("water-loving")
molecules that dissolve easily in water
hydrophobic(lipids)
unable to mix with water
fat (triglyceride)
a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules via a dehydration reaction
function of fats
energy storage, cushioning, and insulation
unsaturated fat
has fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fat
has the maximum number of hydrogens
Hydrogenation
adds hydrogen, converts unsaturated fats to saturated fats, makes liquid fats solid at room temperature, and creates trans fats
trans fats
type of unsaturated fat that is particularly bad for your health
Cholesterol
a key component of cell membranes and the "base steroid" from which your body produces other steroids, such as estrogen and testosterone
Proteins
polymers of amino acid monomers, account for more than 50% of the dry weight of most cells, and are instrumental in almost everything cells do
amino acid
consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners
peptide bonds
Cells link amino acids together by dehydration reactions
polypeptides
long chains of amino acids
Nucleic acids
macromolecules that store information and provide the instructions for building proteins
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
DNA
sugar is deoxyribose; double stranded
RNA
sugar is ribose; has an uracil base instead of thymine; single stranded
gene
a unit of inheritance encoded in a specific stretch of D N A that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
nucleotides
a monomer in nucleic acids
3 parts to a nucleotide
a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
4 possible nitrogenous bases
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, or Cytosine
double helix
A molecule of cellular D N A that is double-stranded
functional group pairings
A only goes with T, and C only goes with G
Note
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