Chemistry unit 4.1 - 4.5

Igneous Rock

Formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies.

Sedimentary Rock

Formed by the deposition and cementation of sediments.

Metamorphic Rock

Formed when existing rocks change due to heat, pressure, or both.

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Formed when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Formed when lava cools rapidly above the Earth's surface.

Weathering

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces known as sediments.

Transportation

The process of moving sediments away from their original rock by wind,water,ice or gravity

Deposition

The settling of sediments in layers to form new rocks.

Compaction

The process where the weight of overlying layers squashes sediments together.

Cementation

The process where new minerals bind sediments together.

Minerals

Natural crystalline substances that make up most igneous rocks.

Basalt

A type of extrusive igneous rock used for railway ballast.

Granite

An intrusive igneous rock made of multiple minerals like quartz and feldspar.

Marble

A metamorphic rock formed from limestone under heat and pressure.

Slate

A metamorphic rock derived from mudstone, known for splitting into flat sheets.

Gneiss

A hard metamorphic rock characterized by its banding and interlocking crystals.

Volcano

An opening in the Earth's crust where magma and gases come out.

Rock Cycle

The continuous process of rock formation and alteration involving igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

Physical weathering

Caused by the effect of changing temperature on rocks

Chemical weathering

Caused by the break down of rock and minerals through chemical reactions

Biological weathering

Caused by animals or plants in many ways

Marble is made of

pure calcite

Properties of igneous rock

Non-porous, hard and durable

Properties of sedimentary rocks

made of grains and porous

Properties of metamorphic rock

Non-porous and made of big interlocking crystals