Kin 310: Kinematics and Angular Motion

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on Projectile Motion and Angular Motion.

Projectile Motion

Motion of a body moving under gravity only, characterized by projection speed, projection angle, and projection height; the path is a parabola.

Projection Speed

The initial speed at which the projectile is released (v0).

Projection Angle

The launch angle relative to the horizontal (θ).

Projection Height

The initial height of the projectile above the landing plane (h).

Parabola

The curved trajectory followed by a projectile under constant gravitational acceleration.

Optimal Projection Angle

The release angle that maximizes horizontal distance; depends on height and air resistance.

Air Resistance

Drag force from air that affects the trajectory and can alter the optimal angle.

Effect of Projection Height on Distance

All else equal, increasing projection height increases the distance traveled.

Absolute Angular Position

Angle defined relative to a fixed reference plane or line that does not move with respect to the Earth.

Relative Angular Position

Angle defined relative to a moving reference plane or line.

Planes of Motion

Anatomical planes used to describe movement: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Sagittal Plane

Plane dividing the body into left and right; flexion and extension occur in this plane.

Frontal Plane

Plane dividing the body into front and back; abduction/adduction and lateral flexion occur here.

Transverse Plane

Plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts; internal/external rotation occur here.

Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Extension

Movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Hyperextension

Extension beyond the normal or neutral range.

Dorsiflexion

Movement bringing the top of the foot toward the shin.

Plantarflexion

Movement pointing the toes downward.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Radial Deviation

Wrist movement toward the radius (thumb) side.

Ulnar Deviation

Wrist movement toward the ulna (pinky) side.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Lateral Flexion

Side bending of the trunk.

Internal Rotation

Rotation toward the midline around a longitudinal axis.

External Rotation

Rotation away from the midline around a longitudinal axis.

Horizontal Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline in the horizontal plane.

Horizontal Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline in the horizontal plane.

Supination

Forearm rotation so the palm faces up.

Pronation

Forearm rotation so the palm faces down.

Axis of Rotation

Line perpendicular to the plane of rotation about which rotation occurs.

Angular Velocity

Rate at which an object spins; how fast angular position changes (e.g., deg/s or rad/s).

Angular Velocity Formula (example)

w = Δθ/Δt; angular change over time.

Linear Velocity in Rotation

v = r · ω; linear velocity of a point on a rotating body equals radius times angular velocity.