Vocab matrix and parts of a Golgi apparatus in Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

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Pyruvate

A three-carbon molecule made from glucose during glycolysis.

Oxaloacetate

A four-carbon molecule that combines with Acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle.

FADH

A molecule that carries electrons in cellular respiration (related to FADH₂).

Carbon Fixation

The process of turning CO₂ into organic molecules in photosynthesis.

Rubisco

An enzyme that helps with carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.

Acetyl CoA

A two-carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle for energy production.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a molecule, often releasing energy.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that makes ATP using energy from a proton gradient.

Phosphorylation

The process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, like ADP to make ATP.

NADPH+

A molecule involved in photosynthesis that carries energy and electrons (often written as NADP⁺ before gaining electrons).

ADP

A molecule that can gain a phosphate to become ATP and store energy.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A process where pyruvate is turned into lactic acid without oxygen.

Chemiosmosis

The movement of protons across a membrane to make ATP.

Glycolysis

The first step of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

Cisternae

Flattened, membrane-bound compartments that make up the Golgi apparatus

Cis Face

part that receives materials from the ER

Trans Face

shipping side of Golgi apparatus where processed materials are packaged into vesicles

Vesicles

carry proteins and lipids moving them around the ER to to Golgi.