UNIT 2: CHEMICAL BONDING AND THE LEWIS STRUCTURE

Ionic, covalent, metallic

What are the three types of chemical bonds?

Lewis Electron-Dot Symbols

___: the element symbol represents the nucleus and inner electrons, and the dots around the symbol represent the valence electrons

ionic bond

a bond formed from transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal.

octet rule

An atom becomes stable with 8 valence electrons

What are the three types of molecules?dia

diatomic, tetratomic, octatomic

Ionic compounds, cations, anions

___(such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and nonmetals. It consist of a combination of ___and ___

Electrons, empirical formulas

___ are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal. The oppositely charged ions attract each other. Only ___ are written.

empirical formula

ionic compounds the formula is always the same as the ___

zero

the sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula unit must equal ___.

1 to 1

The ionic compound NaCl: Na+ to Cl– ratio = ___

1. The charge on the cation becomes the subscript on the anion.

2. The charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation.

3. If these subscripts are not in the lowest whole-number ratio, divide them by the greatest common factor.

Because compounds are electrically neutral, one can determine the formula of a compound this way:

subscripts

If the charges are numerically equal, then no ___ are necessary. This rule follows from the fact that because the formulas of ionic compounds are usually empirical formulas, the subscripts must always be reduced to the smallest ratios.

ionic, covalent

Summary of the common charges for the elements in the eight main groups, or families, on the periodic table. these charges only apply when these elements are found in ___ compounds since ___ compounds don't contain ions

chemical nomenclature. nomen, calare

The system used in naming substances is called ___, from the Latin words ___ (name) and ___ (to call).

orgnaic, inorganic

The major division is between ___ and ___ compounds.

Organic, carbon, hydrogen, inorganic

___ compounds contain ___ and ___, often in combination with oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. All others are ___

inorganic

For convenience, some carbon-containing compounds, such as carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , carbon disulfide , compounds containing the cyanide group , and carbonate and bicarbonate groups are considered to be ___ compounds.

ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids and bases, and hydrates.

To organize and simplify the naming of inorganic compounds, we can divide inorganic compounds into four categories: