VCE Chemistry Unit 3 - Chapter 3: Stoichometry and the Combustion Of Fuels

What are the properties of gases?

-Density: Low
-Volume and shape: Fill the space available because the particles more independently of one another
-Compressibility: Compress easily
-Ability to mix: Gases mic together rapidly

What are the properties of liquids?

-Density: High
-Volume and Shape: Fixed volume, adopt shape of container, because particles are affected by attractive forces
-Compressibility: Almost incompressible
-Ability to mix: Liquids mix together slowly unless stirred

What are the properties of solids?

-Density: High
-Volume and shape: Fixed volume and shape because particles are affected by attractive forces
-Compressibility: Almost incompressible
-Ability to mix: Solids do not mix unless finely divided

What is the kinetic molecular theory?

-Gases are composed of small particles, either atoms or molecules
-The volume of the particles in a gas is very small compared with the volume they occupy
-Gas particles move rapidly in random, straight-line motion
-Particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container
-The forces between particles are extremely weak
-Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
-The average kinetic energy of the particles increases as the temp. increases

How to convert between different volume units?

1L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm^3

What is pressure?

-The force per unit area

What does the pressure exerted by a gas depend on?

-The collisions of gas particles against the wall of the container

How to convert between different pressure units?

1 bar = 100 kPa = 1.00 x 10^5 Pa
1 atm = 760 mmHg = .013 x 10^5 Pa = 101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar
-Can use cross multiplication from the values in the data book

What are the three laws used to describe the behaviour of gases under different conditions?

-V ∝ 1/P (For constant T and n)
-V ∝ T (For constant P and n)
-V ∝ n (For constant P and T)

What is absolute zero?

-At a temp. of -273ºC or 0 K
-Molecules and atoms have minimum kinetic energy at this temperature

What are Standard Laboratory Conditions (SLC)?

-Refers to a temp of 25ºC (298 K) and a pressure of 100 kPa

What is Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)?

-Refers to a temp of 0ºC (273 K) and a pressure of 100 kPa

What is the molar volume Vm?

-The volume occupied by 1 mol of gas at a given temp and pressure

What is the value of Vm at SLC vs STP?

-SLC = 24.8 L mol-1
-STP = 22.7 L mol-1

What is the universal gas equation?

PV = nRT

What is the universal gas constant?

-R
-Its value is 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
-It is when pressure is in kPa, volume is in L, amount is in mol and temp is in K

What does a balanced equation show in regards to calculations?

-Shows the ratio of the amount, in moles, of reactants and products in the reaction