Cpar Exam

National Artist Award

Highest distinction given to Filipino artists. Recognizes sublime expressions of Philippine art. Established in 1972.

Criteria for National Artist Award

Living Filipino citizens for the last ten years prior to nomination/ Posthumous awardees who were citizens at the time of death.

Antonio R. Buenaventura

Researched and popularized Philippine folksongs and dances. Wrote musical arrangements based on ethnic folk songs.

Jose Maceda

Focused on understanding and popularizing Filipino traditional music. Conducted research and fieldworks.

Antonio J. Molina

Introduced innovations like the whole tone scale and pentatonic scale. Taught at UP Conservatory.

Jovita Fuentes

Hailed for her portrayal in Giacomo Puccini's Madame Butterfly. Given award of "Embahadora de Filipinas a su Madre Patria" by Spain.

Lucresia R. Kasilag

Fused ethnic music with Western influences. Incorporated indigenous Filipino instruments in orchestral productions.

Lucio D. San Pedro

Master composer, conductor, and teacher. Music evokes folk elements of Filipino heritage.

Felipe P. De Leon

Filipinized western music forms. Compositions express Filipino sentiments.

Levi Celerio

Prolific lyricist and composer. Translated traditional melodies. Guinness record holder for making music with a leaf.

Andrea O. Veneracion

Esteemed choirmaster and choral arranger. Founded the Philippine Madrigal Singers.

Ernani J. Cuenco

Composer, film scorer, musical director, and teacher. Works resonate with Filipino musicality.

Francisco F. Feliciano

Brought out the "Asianness" in his music. Elevated Filipino artistry.

Ramon P. Santos

Exponent of contemporary Filipino music. Explores non-Western traditions.

Francisca Reyes Aquino

Researched Philippine folk dances, becoming the "Folk Dance Pioneer."

Ramon Obusan

Promoted Philippine ethnic dances with authenticity. Researched different ethnic groups.

Leonor O. Goquingco

Pioneer choreographer in balletic folkloric and Asian styles. Most ambitious work

Lucrecia R. Urtula

Choreographer, dance educator, and researcher of Philippine folk and ethnic dances.

Alice Reyes

Made lasting impact on the development and promotion of contemporary dance in the Philippines.

Daisy Avellana

First Lady of Philippine Theater, known for performances in classic Filipino and international plays.

Rolando Tinio

Stage director, poet, and playwright. Also a National Artist for Literature.

Honorata "Atang" dela Rama

Queen of Kundiman. Performed in the first locally produced Filipino film.

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero

Teacher and theater artist. Founder of UP Mobile Theater.

Daisy H. Avellana

Actor, director, and writer. Co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild.

Severino R. Montano

Institutionalized "legitimate theater" in the Philippines. Organized the Arena Theater.

Francisco Arcellana

Proponent of modern Filipino short story in English. Used lyrical prose-poetic approach.

Edith Tiempo

Produced remarkable poems and short stories. Founded Silliman National Writer's Workshop.

Amado V. Hernandez

Poet, playwright, and novelist who practiced "committed art". His novel, Mga Ibong Mandaragit exposes ills in society.

Jose Garcia Villa

Contemporary poet. Introduced reversed consonance rime scheme.

Nick M. Joaquin

Distinguished Filipino writer in English. Explored Philippine colonial past.

Fernando Amorsolo

First National Artist of the Philippines, known as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art".

Carlos "Botong" Francisco

Muralist who depicted the historical past of the Philippines and life in Angono.

Guillermo Tolentino

Master sculptor who introduced classical sculpture in the country. Created the UP Oblation.

Francisco Coching

"Dean of Filipino Illustrators", popular for his komiks drawings.

Victorio Edades

"Father of Modern Philippine Painting." Introduced modernism.

Vicente Silva Manansala

His paintings are described as visions of reality teetering on the edge of abstraction.

Jerry Navarro Elizalde

Versatile artist, being both a proficient painter and sculptor.

Jose Joya

Created an authentic Filipino abstract idiom. Inspired by Philippine landscapes.

Cesar Legaspi

Pioneer “Neo-Realist" of the country. Refined cubism in the Philippine context.

Hernando R. Ocampo

Leading member of the pre-war Thirteen Moderns.Abstract works evoked Philippine landscape.

Arturo Luz

Created masterpieces exemplifying sublime austerity. Elevated Filipino aesthetic vision.

Ang Kiukok (Ang Hwa Shing)

Formal and iconographic path of his own through expressionistic works.

Benedicto R. Cabrera (BenCab)

Primacy of drawing over the decorative color. Emblematic scavenger figure "Sabel."

Abdulmari Asia Imao

Articulator of Philippine Muslim art and culture. Popularized ukkil, sarimanok, and naga motifs.

Federico Aguilar Alcuaz

Artist of voluminous output known mainly for his gestural paintings.

Napoleon V. Abueva

Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture. Introduced "buoyant sculpture".

Indigenous art materials

are natural or inherent from the place or locality; they have been there from the start.

Local art materials

can be a mix of indigenous and introduced materials.

Abaca

Also called Manila hemp, extracted from the leaf sheath around the trunk of the abaca plant.

Coconut Shells (Bao)

Used for wood carving, improvised cooking utensils, and other uses.

Bamboo (Kawayan)

Mistakenly identified as a tree, but actually a kind of grass.

Capiz Shells (Kapis)

Come from the windowpane oyster, a bivalve marine mollusk in the family of Placunidae.

Rattan

A naturally renewable palm belonging to the subfamily Calamoideae of climbing palms.

Small or Cowrie Shells (Sigay)

Scientifically named Cypraea chinensi, measure about 2 centimeters each.

Junk

Old or discarded articles, considered useless or of little value, but essential for creating junk art.

Dried Leaves

Falling off from branches of trees and plants are inexhaustible. Ranging from pale yellow to dark brown, are plentiful throughout the year.

Plant Seeds

Can be acquired from farms and rural areas, or bought commercially (corn, sorghum, mung beans, sunflower, etc.).

Rocks and Sand

Of various types are abundant. They vary in size and color, allowing for varied art forms.

Traditional

Usually bought from department stores and bookstores (crayons, oil pastel, watercolor, colored pencils, etc.).

Non-Traditional

Materials not usually used in creating art (coffee, plastic bottles, recyclable materials similar to those used in junk art).

Dance

is a form of artistic expression that involves purposeful movement of the body, often set to music or rhythm. It is used to communicate emotions, stories, ideas, or cultural traditions.

Elements of Dance

B.E.S.T.R. (Body, Energy, Space, Time, Relationship)

Body

Refers to the physical instrument of the dancer—the human body—and how it is used in movement.

Energy

Refers to the force, flow, or intensity of movement. It affects how the movement is executed.

Space

This is about how the dancer moves in and interacts with the physical space.

Time

refers to rhythm, speed, and duration of movement.

Relationship

This element involves the connection between dancers, or between dancer and props/environment.

Movement

The primary element; includes gestures, steps, and body motions.

Expression

Dance conveys emotions or tells a story through physical action.

Rhythm and Music

Often performed to music, but not always; rhythm helps guide the movement.

Creativity and Style

Dance can be improvised or choreographed, and styles vary widely across cultures and genres.

Cultural Significance

Many dances reflect the beliefs, traditions, and history of a community or people.

Traditional/Folk Dance

e.g., Tinikling, Singkil (Philippines)

Contemporary Dance

Modern, expressive movements

Hip Hop / Street Dance

Urban, freestyle-based

Ballet

Classical, graceful movements

Ballroom Dance

Partner dances like waltz, tango

Dramatic and Theatre Arts

is the art of storytelling through live performance, using dialogue, movement, sound, visual elements, and the human body to portray characters and events. It includes plays, musicals, monologues, and other stage performances.

Live Performance

Performed in real-time in front of an audience Creates an immediate connection between actors and viewer

Use of Dialogue and Action

Characters express their thoughts and emotions through speech and movement

Script or Storyline

Based on written or improvised scripts; includes plot, characters, setting, and theme

Collaboration

Involves actors, directors, writers, designers, and stage crew working together

Use of Theatrical Elements

Lighting, costumes, set design, sound, and props are used to enhance storytelling

Reflection of Society

Explores social, political, historical, and personal themes

Often challenges norms or inspires change

Traditional Theatre

Based on cultural rituals and folk performances

Modern or Contemporary Theatre

Focuses on current themes using innovative techniques

Musical Theatre

Combines songs, spoken dialogue, and dance

Street or Community Theatre

Performed in public spaces with minimal props or stage

Children’s Theatre

Designed to educate and entertain young audiences

Improvisational Theatre

Performances are created spontaneously without a fixed script

Drama

Serious narrative that explores real-life situations.

Comedy

Light-hearted, humorous play with a happy ending

Tragedy

Story with serious themes and a tragic ending

Melodrama

Exaggerated emotions and moral polarization (good vs. evil)

Farce

Over-the-top comedy with absurd situations

Musical

Integrates songs, music, and dance with a storyline

Monologue/Solo Act

A single character speaks alone to express thoughts or tell a story

Pantomime

Acting without words; uses gestures and expressions