HESI A&P - set 2

Main function of the endocrine system

Regulate body processes using hormones

Hormone: Insulin

Lowers blood glucose

Hormone: Glucagon

Raises blood glucose

Hormone: ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Increases water reabsorption in kidneys

Hormone: Thyroxine (T4)

Regulates metabolism

Hormone: Cortisol

Stress hormone; increases blood glucose

Hormone: Aldosterone

Increases sodium and water retention

Hormone: Estrogen

Develops female secondary sex characteristics; regulates cycle

Hormone: Testosterone

Develops male secondary sex characteristics

Main function of the digestive system

Break down food and absorb nutrients

Digestive enzyme: Amylase

Breaks down carbohydrates

Digestive enzyme: Lipase

Breaks down fats

Digestive enzyme: Pepsin

Breaks down proteins in the stomach

Where most nutrient absorption occurs

Small intestine

Organ that stores bile

Gallbladder

Organ that produces bile

Liver

Main function of the urinary system

Remove waste and regulate water balance

Functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

Nephron: Glomerulus

Filters blood

Nephron: Proximal tubule

Reabsorbs nutrients, water, electrolytes

Nephron: Loop of Henle

Concentrates urine

Nephron: Distal tubule

Regulates sodium and potassium

Nephron: Collecting duct

Final water reabsorption

Main function of the reproductive system

Produce gametes and hormones

Menstrual cycle: Follicular phase

Follicle develops; estrogen rises

Menstrual cycle: Ovulation

Egg is released from ovary

Menstrual cycle: Luteal phase

Progesterone rises to prepare uterus

Hormone that triggers ovulation

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Hormone that thickens uterine lining

Progesterone

Where fertilization usually occurs

Fallopian tube