Key Concepts in Blood Composition and Disorders

Plasma

A pale, yellow fluid about 91% water & 9% other substances

Hemophilia

A genetic disorder in which clotting is abnormal or absent

Globulins

38% of the plasma proteins; include the antibodies

Blood

The "essence of life"

Serum

Fluid squeezed out of a clot

Million

2.5 _____ RBC's destroyed/ produced each second

Erythropoietin

In response to decreased blood oxygen, the kidneys release ______.

Hemoglobin

Gives RBC's their red color

Nitrogen

An inert gas

Amino Acids

The globin chains of hemoglobin are broken down to individual ______ ______.

Leukemia

A cancer of the red bone marrow

Vitamins

Promote enzyme activity

Stem Cells

Capable of differentiating into other cell types

Embolus

Plug, composed of a detached clot, occluding a blood vessel

Albumin

Makes up 58% of the plasma proteins; important in the regulation of water

Platelet

Forms platelet plugs

Red Bone Marrow

The increased erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte production in the ______ ______ ______.

Leukocytosis

An abnormally high white blood cell count

Leukopenia

A lower-than-normal WBC count

Bile

Most conjugated bilirubin becomes part of the ______.

Oxygen

Necessary for aerobic respiration

Erythrocyte

AKA red blood cells

Fibrinogen

4% of blood proteins; functions in blood clotting

Iron

Released from the heme of hemoglobin

Jaundice

Buildup of bilirubin is known as ______; both of Mrs. Rogstad's kids had this when they were born

Free Bilirubin

Free ______ is transported to the liver

Weight

Blood makes up about 8% of a person's ______.

Alpha Chains

141 amino acids long; one of the types of chains that forms a hemoglobin molecule

Beta Chains

146 amino acids long; one of the types of chains that forms a hemoglobin molecule

Deoxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin containing NO oxygen; has a dark red color

Oxyhemoglobin

Oxygenated hemoglobin; has a bright red color

Cyanosis

"Blue baby" syndrome caused by low oxygen levels in the blood

CO

Carbon monoxide gas

O₂

Oxygen gas

Neutrophils

WBC's with pale pink cytoplasm and chunks of blue nucleus

Eosinophils

WBC's with blue nucleus & LARGE red granules; burgundy background

Basophils

WBC's with bilobed blue nucleus and abundant blue granules

Lymphocytes

WBC's with blue, round nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm; 20-30% of WBC's

Monocytes

WBC's that are 2-4x larger that RBC's, blue nucleus with pale blue background

Reticulocyte

Stage of RBC with NO nucleus; will turn into a mature RBC

Polychromatic Erythroblast

Stage of RBC that has yellow to pinkish area within the cytoplasm

Basophilic Erythroblast

Stage of RBC with yellow pigment just before the polychromatic erythroblast