Unit 2 - Photosynthesis Exam Review

This set of flashcards covers fundamental concepts and terminology associated with photosynthesis, as outlined in the Biology 101 exam review notes.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.

Cellular Respiration (CR)

A metabolic pathway by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules and releases waste products.

Endergonic Reaction

A reaction that requires energy input for the reaction to proceed.

Exergonic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy during the process.

Light Dependent Reaction

The part of photosynthesis that converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Calvin Cycle

The cycle of reactions in photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions.

Chloroplast

An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

Electron Carrier

Molecules that transport electrons during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

NADPH

An electron carrier that transfers energy and electrons in photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll

A pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using a proton gradient.

Thylakoid Lumen

The fluid-filled space inside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts where hydrogen ions accumulate during the light-dependent reactions.

Concentration Gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, essential for the production of ATP in photosynthesis.

Photon

A particle of light that provides energy to excite electrons in photosynthesis.

Oxidized

A term describing a molecule that has lost electrons, often resulting in a release of energy.

Pigments

Molecular structures that absorb light energy; chlorophyll is a key pigment in photosynthesis.