CHM103_Chapter_4.3

Lewis Dot Structure

A representation of the valence electrons in an atom, shown as dots around the element's symbol.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds that consist of atoms sharing electrons, typically containing only nonmetals.

Lewis Dot Structure

A representation of the valence electrons in an atom, shown as dots around the element's symbol.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds that consist of atoms sharing electrons, typically containing only nonmetals.

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds.

Greek Prefixes

Prefixes used in naming covalent compounds to indicate the number of atoms present, such as mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.

Binary Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed between two nonmetal elements.

Polyatomic Ions

Groups of atoms bonded together that carry a net charge, often used in covalent and ionic compounds.

VSEPR Theory

Valence-shell electron repulsion theory which predicts the shape of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Electron Group Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of electron groups around a central atom.

Dihydrogen Monoxide

The systematic name for water (H2O).

Hydroxide Ion

A polyatomic ion with the formula OH-.

Sulfate Ion

A polyatomic ion with the formula SO4^2-.

Ammonium Ion

A polyatomic ion with the formula NH4+.

Carbon Dioxide

A binary covalent compound with the formula CO2.

Naming Pattern for Covalent Compounds

The name consists of the least electronegative element and the stem of the more electronegative element, followed by -ide.

Ion Naming Rule

The name of an ionic compound is derived from the metal and the name of the polyatomic anion.

Carbon Tetrafluoride

A binary covalent compound with the formula CF4.

Dinitrogen Hexoxide

A binary covalent compound with the formula N2O6.

Phosphate Ion

A polyatomic ion with the formula PO4^3-.

Shape Prediction

Determining the geometric arrangement of atoms in a molecule based on VSEPR theory.