Lab Quiz 2 Membrane Transport Mechanisms: Chemistry of Water

Which of the following would require an input of energy?

osmosis

vesicular transport

diffusion

filtration

vesicular transport

Active processes ________.

move fats and respiratory gases through cell membranes

require a hydrostatic pressure gradient

move substances against (up) a concentration and/or electrical gradient

include osmosis

move substances against (up) a concentration and/or electrical gradient

Which of the following is NOT a passive process?

filtration

facilitated diffusion

vesicular transport

osmosis

vesicular transport

When the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say the solution has reached _______.

velocity

equilibrium

diffusion

permeability

equilibrium

Which of the following does NOT describe the plasma membrane?

semipermeable

differentially permeable

impermeable

selectively permeable

impermeable

Which of the following requires a membrane-bound carrier for transport?

simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

filtration

facilitated diffusion

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.

hypotonic

isotonic

hypertonic

intravenous

Ringer's lactate

hypotonic

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

phospholipid "heads"

phospholipid "tails"

sugar groups

proteins

phospholipid "tails"

In __________ processes, the cell provides energy in the form of ATP to power the transport process.

active

passive

active

Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration.

higher, lower

Diffusion and osmosis are ? processes.

passive

Osmosis is the movement of a solvent from an area of ? solute concentration to an area of ? solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

lower, higher

Which of the following is true about the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane?

The size of the molecules has no effect on the rate of diffusion through the membrane.

Larger molecules diffuse faster than smaller molecules through a membrane.

Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane.

All molecules diffuse at the same rate through the membrane.

Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane.

Sort the following substances based upon their ability to diffuse across a typical dialysis membrane.

• permeable

  • water

  • ion

  • glucose

• impermeable

  • glycogen

  • protein

The following image shows a dialysis sac filled with a 40% glucose solution in a beaker of distilled water. Drag and drop the labels to predict the movement of the molecules, if any, across the dialysis membrane. Water molecules are in Group 1 and glucose molecules are in Group 2.

After the glucose and water have diffused across the dialysis membrane and reached equilibrium, the dialysis sac will be heavier compared to its initial weight because of the movement of water into the dialysis sac. Because of its smaller molecular weight, more water molecules than glucose molecules will be able to cross the sac during the course of the experiment.

What are two types of endocytosis?

cellular secretion and solute pumping

active transport and phagocytosis

solute pumping and active transport

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

pinocytosis and passive transport

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Drinking too much plain water in a short period of time can result in water intoxication. As a result, blood plasma will become hypotonic. What effect do you think this would have on blood cells?

Cells may be lysed.

Cells will not change.

Cells will be plasmolyzed.

Cells will be crenated.

Cells may be lysed. Hypotonic solutions have a higher water concentration than the cell, meaning water will move into the cell by osmosis. This will rupture the plasma membrane.

Two important passive processes for membrane transport are ________.

exocytosis and phagocytosis

facilitated diffusion and active transport

pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis

diffusion and filtration

diffusion and filtration

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, predict how the cell responds.

The cell will bloat.

The cell will shrink.

The cell will not change in size or shape.

The cell will rupture.

The cell will lyse.

The cell will shrink.

Which of the following statements about osmosis is FALSE?

Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes.

It is specific for the movement of water.

It is a type of diffusion.

It is passive.

Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes.

A Hypertonic solution:_______.

will induce cell swelling

will induce no net movement of water

will induce cell bursting

will induce cell shrinkage

will induce cell shrinkage

If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true?

Water and solutes will move until equilibrium is reached.

Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.

Water will move away from the concentrated solutes.

Osmosis will not occur.

Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.

Osmotic pressure is measured in units of _______.

mm Hg

mM/min

mM/sec

ml/min

mm Hg

A solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic if __________.

it contains more nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell

it contains the same amount of nonpenetrating solute particles as the interior of the cell

it contains fewer nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell

it contains more non-penetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell

In comparing simple diffusion to facilitated diffusion, you note that ________.

both require a concentration gradient

both require ATP

both can move substances up, as well as down, a concentration gradient

both require a specific carrier or protein channel

both require a concentration gradient

A passive process, __________ is the movement of solute molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.

diffusion

osmosis

diffusion

A(n) ________ in molecular size and a(n) ________ in temperature result in an increased rate of diffusion.

decrease, decrease

increase, increase

decrease, increase

increase, decrease

decrease, increase