Pearson Chemistry - Chapter 9

monatomic ions

ions that consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons

binary compound

compound that is composed of 2 elements

acid

a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atom(s) and produces hydrogen cations when dissolved in water

base

an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

law of definite proportions

states that in samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same porportions

law of multiple proportions

whenever the same 2 elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers

type (I) cations

group 1A through 2A and aluminum

type (II) cations

group B elements and atoms under the staircaise (Not including aluminum)

how do you name type (I) cation monatomic ions

(name of element) ion

how do you name type (II) cation monatomic ions

(name of element) (roman numeral) ion

how do you name an anion monatomic ion

(name of element)-ide

-ate

one more oxygen

-ite

one less oxygen

how do you name polyatomic ions

they will end in -ite or -ate, and the suffix does not change

NH4

Ammonium

OH-

hydroxide

CN-

cyanide

how do you write the formulas for binary ionic compounds

write the ions, and then use the criss cross method, and simplify the subscripts (when necessary)

how do you name binary ionic compounds

name the cation, then the anion. Use roman numerals for type (II), and reverse criss cross

how do you write formulas ternary ionic compounds

name the cation, then the anion. Use roman numerals for type (II), and reverse criss cross but use parentheses around polyatomic ions when necessary

how do you name ternary ionic compounds

name the cation, then the anion. Use roman numerals for type (II), and reverse criss cross DO NOT change suffix if the anion is polyatomic

how do you write formulas for binary molecules

use the prefixes in the name to determine the subscripts, NOT lowest whole number ratio

diatomic molecule

2 atoms (O2)

binary molecule

2 elements (CO)(CO2)

how do you name binary molecules

write the names of the elements in order, use subscripts to determine prefixes, change suffix to -ide, for 2nd atom

one prefix

mono-

two prefix

di-

three prefix

tri-

four prefix

tetra-

five prefix

penta-

six prefix

hexa-

seven prefix

hepta-

eight prefix

octa-

nine prefix

nona-

ten prefix

deca-

how do you write formulas for acids

treat like an ionic compound (hydrogen=H+)

how do you name binary acids

name begins with hydro-, and ends with -ic acid (ex. hydrochloric acid)

how do you name ternary acids with anions that end in -ite

the name ends in -ous acid. (ex. sulfous acid)

how do you name ternary acids with anions that end in -ate

the name ends in -ic acid. (ex. sulfic acid)